Dehydration - urine output <2 mL/kg/hr, weight loss, urine specific gravity >1.01, dry skin, sunken fontanelle, poor skin turgor, high sodium, protein,
... [Show More] and hematocrit
Overhydration - output >5 mL/kg/hr, urine specific gravity <1.002, edema, excessive weight gain, bulging fontanelle, moist breath sounds, low sodium, protein, and hematocrit
Postmaturity syndrome - thin with loose skin folds, crackle, peeling skin, meconium staining, respiratory difficulty, hypoglycemia, poor temperature regulation
Neonatal asphyxia - Failure to establish adequate respirations after birth
Neonatal asphyxia - color (pallor, cyanosis), work of breathing, apnea, tachypnea, gasping, grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, hypothermia,
Neonatal asphyxia - immediate resuscitation, continued observation, neutral thermal environment, glucose levels, parental support and education
Transient tachypnea - Inadequate/delayed clearance of lung fluid leading to transient pulmonary edema
Transient tachypnea - tachypnea, grunting, retractions, labored breathing, nasal flaring, cyanosis, barrel chest
persistent pulmonary HTN - Pulmonary pressure remains increased after baby takes first breath; Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
persistent pulmonary HTN - tachypnea, cyanosis, grunting, respiratory distress, retractions, heart murmur, hypotension, low SpO2
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - Caused by prolonged mechanical ventilation ; Alveoli don't mature, cannot expand lungs
Retinopathy - Abnormal blood vessel growth in retina, resulting from O2 therapy, causing O2 toxicity and hypoxia
Intraventricular hemorrhage - drop in hematocrit, pallor, apnea, respiratory distress, seizures, change in LOC, bulging fontanel
ARDS - expiratory grunting, nasal flaring, retractions, seesaw respirations, cyanosis, HR 150-180, crackles, tachypnea
ARDS - respiratory modalities (ventilation, surfactant, O2), vasopressors, IVF, gauvage, glucose monitoring, cluster care, prone or side lying
Meconium aspiration syndrome - Inhalation of particulate meconium with amniotic fluid, causing respiratory failure, airway obstruction, surfactant dysfunction, and hypoxia
Meconium aspiration syndrome - meconium staining of amniotic fluid, nails, and skin, barrel chest, tachypnea, intercostal retractions, gurntung, cyanosis
Necrotizing enterocolitis - Inflammatory disease of bowel causing ischemic and necrotic injury to GI tract
Necrotizing enterocolitis - abdominal distention and tenderness, bloody stools, feeding intolerance (bilious vomiting), sepsis, lethargy, apnea, shock
Necrotizing enterocolitis - fluid and nutrition maintenance, bowel rest, antibiotic, surgery (proximal enterostomy)
Hyperbilirubinemia - Imbalance in rate of bilirubin production and elimination, Bilirubin level >5 mg/dL
kernicterus - bilirubin binds with fat in brain and forms plaque on brain, can lead to cognitive and physical disabilities
FAS - microcephaly, small features, growth restriction, delayed development, inadequate sucking
NAS - wakefulness, irritability, temperature variation/tachycardia/tremors, hyperactivity, diarrhea/disordered suck, respiratory distress, apnea, weight loss, alkalosis, lacrimation
FAS - decrease stimulation, minimal handling, soothing techniques, promotes bonding
Sepsis: temperature instability, tachypnea, apnea, respiratory distress (nasal flaring, retractions, grunting), cyanosis, mottling, tachycardia, hypotension, decreased peripheral perfusion, decreased feeding, V/D, abdominal distention, lethargy, irritability, high pitched cry -
dwarfism - Result of failure of anterior pituitary or hypothalamic stimulation of pituitary to produce significant growth hormone
dwarfism: altered metabolism, hypoglycemia, glucose intolerance/diabetes, leukemia, CNS tumors, edema, sodium retention -
dwarfism - supplemental growth hormone, treat underlying cause (tumor)
Precocious puberty - premature activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (early secretion of growth hormones) or overproduction of sex hormones [Show Less]