Absorption Correct Ans:- Process by which a drug enters the circulatory system (blood).
Intravenous (IV) & Intra-Arterial Correct Ans:-
... [Show More] Administration/Dosage routs that do not require absorption.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, & Elimination... The Pharmacokinetic Process Correct Ans:- ADME
Addiction Correct Ans:- Dependence characterized by a perceived need to take a drug to attain the psychological & physical effects of mood altering substances.
Affinity Correct Ans:- Natural attraction - the strength by which a particular chemical messenger binds to its receptor site on a cell
Agonist Correct Ans:- Drug that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter when it binds to a particular receptor site - i.e. & triggers the cell's response in a manner similar to the action of the body's own chemical messenger.
Allergen Correct Ans:- Substance of a usually harmless nature that produces an abnormal hypersensitive reaction.
Allergic Response Correct Ans:- A hypersensitive reaction to any usually harmless substance that does not normally cause a reaction.
Anaphylactic Reaction Correct Ans:- Severe allergic response resulting in immediate life-threatening respiratory distress, usually followed by vascular collapse & shock accompanied w/ hives.
Angioedema Correct Ans:- Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue.
Antagonist Correct Ans:- Drug that neutralizes or counteracts the effects of a neurotransmitter or another drug when it binds to a particular receptor site.
Antigen Correct Ans:- Foreign substance that is recognized by the immune system & induces the immune system to produce antibodies to defend against the foreign substance.
Bioavailability Correct Ans:- Degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration.
Blood-Brain Barrier Correct Ans:- Fortified area that prevents many substances from entering the cerebro-spinal fluid from the blood. This area is formed by glial cells that envelope capillaries in the fcentral nervous system. This creates a shield that blocks many water-soluble compounds, but is permeable to lipid-soluble substances.
Ceiling Effect Correct Ans:- Point @ which no clinical response occurs w/ increased dosage of a drug.
Clearance Correct Ans:- Rate @ which a drug is eliminated from a specific volume of blood per unit of time.
Contraindication Correct Ans:- Any disease, condition, or symptom for which a drug will not be beneficial & may be harmful.
Dependence Correct Ans:- State in which a person's body has adapted physiologically & psychologically to a drug & cannot function w/o it.
Distribution Correct Ans:- Process by which a drug moves from the blood into other body fluids & tissues & ultimately to its site(s) of action.
Dose Correct Ans:- Quantity of a drug administered at one time.
Drug Abuse Correct Ans:- Use of a drug for purposes other than those prescribed &/or in amounts that were not directed. This is often linked to addiction.
Drug Interaction Correct Ans:- When a drug is affected in some way by another drug, foods, or other substances, such as when enzymes that metabolize the drug are induced or inhibited.
Drug Interaction Relationship: Addition Correct Ans:- The combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone.
Drug Interaction Relationship: Antagonism Correct Ans:- The action of 1 drug negates the action of a 2nd drug.
Drug Interaction Relationship: Potentiation Correct Ans:- 1 drug increases or prolongs the action of another drug, & the total effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug used alone - drug potency is increased.
Drug Interaction Relationship: Synergism Correct Ans:- The combined effect of 2 drugs is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects. Drugs that work in combination like this are usually prescribed together.
Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, Receptors, & Transport Proteins Correct Ans:- Types of specific body molecules that drugs can combine w/.
Duration Of Action Correct Ans:- Length of time a drug gives the desired response/remains at the therapeutic level.
Elimination Correct Ans:- Removal of a drug or the drugs metabolites from the body by excretion.
First-Order Correct Ans:- Drugs for which the rate of elimination is concentration dependent (as opposed to ____ _ _____).
First-Pass Effect Correct Ans:- Extent to which a drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching full body circulation. This can substantially decrease bioavailability of certain drugs when administered orally, in which case administration by injection is required.
Half-Life Correct Ans:- Time necessary for the body to eliminate half of the drug in the body @ any 1 time (written as T 1/2).
Homeostasis Correct Ans:- Maintenance of stability in the internal environment of the body.
Induction Correct Ans:- Process by which a drug increases the concentration of certain enzymes that affect the pharmacologic response to other drugs.
Inhibition Correct Ans:- Process by which a drug blocks enzyme activity & impairs the metabolism of another drug.
Interaction Correct Ans:- Change in the action of a drug caused by another drug, food, or another substance, such as alcohol or nicotine.
Lipid Correct Ans:- Fatty molecule - An important constituent of cell membranes; they generally repel water. [Show Less]