what are carbohydrates? - Answer- energy foods that can be rapidly oxidized by the body to release energy and heat
what are the 3 macronutrients? -
... [Show More] Answer- carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
which macronutrient is the primary source of energy in the human body? - Answer- Carbohydrates
which elements make up carbohydrates? - Answer- carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
what are the 4 functions of carbohydrates? - Answer- 1) providing energy
2) protein-sparing action
3) normal fat metabolism
4) providing fiber
each gram of carbs provides __ calories - Answer- 4
what is protein-sparing action? - Answer- the action of carbohydrate (and fat) in providing energy that allows protein to be used for other purposes.
what are ketones? - Answer- acids that accumulate in the blood and urine, upsetting the acid-base balance in the body.
what is ketoacidosis? - Answer- A high concentration of ketones in the blood that results in an increase in the acidity of the blood. Only occurs as a complication of Type 1 diabetes
what carbs contain dietary fiber? - Answer- grains
vegetables
fruits
what is the only substantial source of carbs? - Answer- milk
what carb is a dietary staple in nearly every part of the world? - Answer- cereal grains
how do food producers compensate for the loss of nutrients in the processing of cereal grains? - Answer- they add B vitamins and iron
examples of B vitamins? - Answer- thiamine
riboflavin
niacin
what happens to a grain that has a nutrient added that was never there before? - Answer- it becomes "fortified"
example of fortification of grains? - Answer- adding folic acid to cereal grains
when do cereal grains become enriched? - Answer- when B vitamins and iron are added to them
fruits provide? - Answer- sugar
fiber
vitamins
minerals
what are the 3 divisions of carbohydrates? - Answer- monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
what are monosaccharides? - Answer- the simplest form of carb
characteristics of monosaccharides? - Answer- sweet
require no digestion
absorbed directly into the bloodstream from sm. Int.
include glucose, fructose, galactose
what is glucose? - Answer- aka dextrose
the form of carb to which all other forms are converted for eventual metabolism
found naturally in corn syrup/ fruits/veg.
CNS/RBC/brain use only glucose for fuel
What is fructose? - Answer- aka levulose
carb found w/ glucose in many fruits and honey
what is the sweetest of all monosaccharides? - Answer- fructose
what are disaccharides? - Answer- pairs of 3 monosaccharides
what is that process by which disaccharides ate converted to simple sugars? - Answer- hydrolysis
what are the 3 disaccharides? - Answer- sucrose, lactose, maltose
what is sucrose? - Answer- carb composed of glucose and fructose
what type of carb is present in granulated, powdered, and brown sugar? - Answer- sucrose
which sugar is one of the sweetest and least expensive - Answer- sucrose
what are the sources of sucrose? - Answer- sugar cane
sugar beets
tree sap
what is maltose? - Answer- sugar that is an intermediary product of the hydrolysis of starch in the body.
what sugar is created during alcoholic fermentation? - Answer- maltose
what sugar can be can be found in some infant formulas, malt beverages, and beer? - Answer- maltose
what is lactose? - Answer- the sugar found in milk
what sugar is not found in plants? - Answer- lactose
what sugar helps the body absorb calcium? - Answer- lactose
what sugar is less sweet than glucose or sucrose? - Answer- maltose
what sugar is less sweet than monosaccharides or other disaccharides? - Answer- lactose
what disorder is described by the inability to digest lactose and bloating/cramps/diarrhea after ingesting dairy? - Answer- lactose intolerance
what causes lactose intolerance? - Answer- by insufficient lactase, the enzyme required to digest lactose
what is whey? - Answer- liquid that drains from curd of clotted milk during the production of cheese
during the cheese-making process, lactose becomes part of? - Answer- the whey
is lactose a component of natural cheese? - Answer- no
is there a test for lactose intolerance? - Answer- no
what are polysaccharides? - Answer- aka complex carbohydrates
compounds of many monosaccharides
what 3 polysaccharides are importan [Show Less]