Absorption - Answer- Taking up of nutrients in the intestines
Adipose tissue - Answer- Fatty tissue
Aerobic metabolism - Answer- Combining nutrient
... [Show More] oxygen within the cell; also called oxidation.
Albumin - Answer- Protein that occurs in blood plasma
Alkalosis - Answer- Condition in which excess base accumulates in, or acids are lost from, the body.
Amino acids - Answer- Nitrogen containing chemical compounds of which protein is composed
Amphetamines - Answer- Drugs intended to inhibit appetite
Anemia - Answer- Condition caused by insufficient number of red blood cells, hemoglobin or blood volume.
Angina pectoris - Answer- Pain in the heart muscle due to inadequate blood supply.
arteriosclerosis - Answer- Generic term for thickened arteries
Arthritis - Answer- Chronic disease involving the joints
ascites - Answer- Abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen.
aspartame - Answer- Artificial sweetener made from two amino acid; does not require insulin for metabolism
aspirated - Answer- Inhaled or suctioned
Atherosclerosis - Answer- a form of arteriolosclerosis affecting the intima (inner lining) of the artery walls
avitaminosis - Answer- Without vitamins
Beriberi - Answer- Deficiency disease caused by lack of vitamin b1 thiamine. Legs feel heavy feet burn and muscles degenerate.
Basal metabolism rate BMR - Answer- The rate at which energy is needed for body maintenance.
bile - Answer- Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder, essential for the digestion of fat.
Bioavailable - Answer- The ability of a nutrient to be readily absorbed and used by the body
biotin - Answer- a B vitamin, necessary for metabolism
Bolus - Answer- Food in the mouth that is ready to be swallowed
Botulism - Answer- Deadliest of food poisoning; cost by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum
bran - Answer- outer covering of grain kernels. Contains minerals B vitamins cellulose and protein
Buffer systems - Answer- Protective systems regulating amounts of hydrogen ions in body fluids
Cachexia - Answer- Severe malnutrition and body wasting caused by chronic disease
caliper - Answer- Mechanical device used to measure percentage of body fat by skinfold measurement
nutrients (6) - Answer- Chemical substances that are found in food and necessary for good health. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water.
Essential nutrient - Answer- Nutrients found only in food
Carbohydrates - Answer- About 50% of diet. Provides energy. Protein sparing action. Normal fat metabolism. Three types.
Monosaccharides - Answer- Simplest form of carbohydrates. No digestion required. Can be easily absorbed directly into the blood stream from the small intestine they include glucose fructose and galactose
Disaccharides - Answer- Double sugars. Hydrolysis to monosaccharides. Examples are sucrose maltose and lactose
Lactose intolerance - Answer- Inability to digest lactose because if you lack of the enzyme lactase; causes abdominal cramps and diarrhea
Polysaccharides - Answer- Complex carbohydrates containing combinations of monosaccharides. Examples include starch dextrin cellulose and glycogen
Glycogen - Answer- Glucose that is stored in the liver and muscles. Approximately 1/2 day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Fiber - Answer- Indigestible parts of plants; absorbs water in large intestine, helping to create soft stool.
Cellulose - Answer- Primary sources of dietary fiber
Endosperm - Answer- The inner part of the kernel of grain; contains a carbohydrate. Contain starch protein and some B vitamins
germ - Answer- Smallest part of the grain and is a rich source of B vitamins vitamin E minerals and proteins
Lipids and fat - Answer- Formed from glycerol Provides energy. 9 calories
hypercholesterolemia - Answer- Unusually high levels of cholesterol and blood; also known as high serum cholesterol. Common in clients with atherosclerosis.
plaque - Answer- Fatty deposit on interior of artery walls. When plaque blocks the heart a heart attack occurs. When it blocks the brain a stroke occurs.
function of stomach - Answer- temporary storage of food. mixing of food with gastric juices. regulation of a slow, controlled emptying of food into the intestine. sexretion of the factor for B12. destruction of most bacteria.
sphincter malfunction - Answer- causes acid reflux disease.
chyme - Answer- food mass as it has been mixed with gastric juices
gastric juices - Answer- digestive secretions in stomach. contain HCl, pepsin, mucus. HCl activates pepsin to digest protein. children have two additinal enzymes rennin-milk protein, and gastric lipase-butterfat
salivary amylase - Answer- component of saliva that starts the digestion of starch in the mouth
duodenum - Answer- Chyme moves through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum the first section of the small intestine.
cholecytokinin (cck) - Answer- triggers gallbladder to release bile for the digestion of fat
pancreatic amylase - Answer- converts starches to simple sugars
pancreatic lipase - Answer- reduces fats to fatty acids and glycerol
small intestine in digestion - Answer- most nutrients absorbed. breaks down lactose maltose and sucrose.
fat soluble vitamin deficency - Answer- occur in those with chronic malabsorbtion disease such as cystic fibrosis, celiac, and chrons disease.
fat soluble. vitamins - Answer- A D E K. not lost easily in cooking but lost with mineral oil. after absprbtion they are transported through the body by lipoproteins. megadoses more common because they are stored
Vitamin A - Answer- An antioxidant plays an important role in vision, bone growth, reproduction, cell division, antioxidant, regulates immune system.
retinol - Answer- The active form of vitamin A. Preformed vitamin A
carotenoids - Answer- Provitamin A. Think carrots and other orange and green fruits. May reduce the risk of cancer
rickets - Answer- Deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin D; causes malformed bones and pain in infants
Deficiency of vitamin D - Answer- May lead to osteomalacia which then can evolve into osteoporosis
Vitamin E - Answer- antioxidant. Essential for protection of cell structure, especially of red blood cells
vitamin K - Answer- essential in blood clotting. deficiency leads to hemorrhaging.
thiamine - Answer- Metabolism of carbohydrates and some amino acids. Also essential to nerve and muscle action. Absorbed in the small intestine.
riboflavin B2 - Answer- essential for carbohydrate fat and protein metabolism. Necessary for tissue maintenance. And healthy eyes
niacin - Answer- Serves as a Coenzyme in energy metabolism and consequently essential to every body cell.
pellagra - Answer- Disease to choose deficiency of niacin. Characterized by sores on the skin by diarrhea, anxiety, confusion, irritability, poor memory, dizziness, and untimely death if left untreated.
vitamin b6 - Answer- Essential for protein metabolism and absorption, aids in the release of glucose from glycogen, amino acids present in excessive amounts can be converted to those in which the body is temporarily deficient
cobalamin vitamin b12 - Answer- Contains cobalt. Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells.
meyelin - Answer- Lipoprotein essential for the protection of nerves.
intrinsic factor - Answer- Secretion of stomach mucosa essential for B12 absorption
pernicious anemia - Answer- Severe, chronic anemia cost by deficiency of vitamin B 12; UC due to the bodies inability to absorb B12 may mostly due to gastric secretions interested with a special receptor cells because of disease or surgery
E. coli - Answer- bacteria found in intestines of animals transmitted through contaminated water milk juice meats produce.
salmonellosis - Answer- bacteria from raw meats and eggs. symptoms: headache, vomitting diarrea. abdominal cramps and fever. begin 6-48hrs. causes salmonella.
shingella - Answer- causes shungellosis. symptoms occur from 1 day to a week after infection. degydration.
straphylococcus aureas - Answer- bacteria found on human skin and open wounds. causes staph. symptoms begin 30min to 8hrs abd last 24-48 hrs.
trichinosis - Answer- parasitic roundworm from uncooked pork.
dysentary - Answer- disease from protozoa. severe diarrhea
canning temperature - Answer- 212 to 250
cooking T - Answer- 140 to 212
danger zone for food contamination - Answer- 40 to140
meat eggs cooking T - Answer- about 160
monosaccharides - Answer- glucose fructose galsctose
disaccharides - Answer- sucrose maltose lactose.
sucrose - Answer- glucose and fructose. sugar.
lactose - Answer- sugar found in milk
polysaccaride - Answer- starch dextrkn cellulose and glucogen
essential fatty acids - Answer- derived from triglycerides linoleic and linolenic and okeic acids. omega 3 and 6.
nonessestial fatty acids - Answer- onega 9.
fat metabolism - Answer- controlled by liver. metabolism ulyimately happens in cells.
edema - Answer- caused from lack of protein. abnormal retrntion of fluids.
complete proteins - Answer- contains all essential proteins
ischemia - Answer- reduced blood flow that hinders nutrient from tissues
diverticulosis - Answer- High-fiber diet required
Inflammatory bowel disease - Answer- Requires a low residue diet
celiac disease - Answer- gluten contolled diet.
cirrhosis - Answer- Provides at least 25 to 35 cal or more per 1 g of protein per kg of weight each day
Nutrition - Answer- all body processes relating to food
nutritional status - Answer- the state or condition of one's nutrition
wellness - Answer- state of good health
hypertension - Answer- high blood pressure
atherasclerosis - Answer- narrowing of arteries by the accumulation of fatty substances on their inner surfaces
osteoporosis - Answer- bones become porous and break easily [Show Less]