HNF 260 Exam 2 - Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Carbohydrates typically comprise the largest proportion of total daily calorie intake. Which
... [Show More] of the following meals would NOT contribute significantly to meeting carbohydrate needs? A) Bowl of chili with kidney beans B) Meat and cheese platter C) Bowl of ice cream with fresh blueberries on top D) Bowl of whole wheat pasta with red sauce E) Vegetable and rice stir-fry After sugars from a breakfast of cereal and milk are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are transported to this organ A) Lymph duct B) Liver C) Pancreas D) Colon Sucrose contains: A) Two glucose monomers B) One glucose monomer and one fructose monomer C) One glucose monomer and one galactose monomer D) One glucose monomer and one sucrose monomer E) beta-glycosidic bonds Glucose, galactose, and fructose A) are disaccharides. B) are soluble fibers. C) are monosaccharides. D) are polysaccharides. The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is A) corn syrup. B) dextrin. C) invert sugar. D) sorbitol. E) glucose syrup. The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly ________________ as fuel. A) fructose B) protein C) ethanol D) glucose The best type of fiber to eat for reducing constipation is A) glycogen. B) crude fiber. C) soluble fiber. D) insoluble fiber. An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may A) decrease risk of diabetes. B) lower blood lipid levels. C) decrease risk of certain cancers. D) All of these choices are correct. Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with primary lactose intolerance? A) Primary lactose intolerance is more common in some ethnic groups. B) Primary lactose intolerance is often seen in Crohn's disease. C) Symptoms of primary lactose intolerance include gas, bloating, and diarrhea. D) Diarrhea is caused by the osmotic effect of lactose in the large intestine . E) It can be treated by adding enzymes to the diet. The liver is important in carbohydrate digestion as it processes the monosaccharides galactose and fructose into glucose. Several things can happen to this glucose once it is done being processed in the liver. Which of the following statements is NOT accurate? A) If glucose is present in excess, some can be turned into fat. B) If glucose is present in excess, some can be stored as glycogen. C) If glucose is present in excess, the liver makes it back into disaccharides. D) The liver can release the glucose directly into the bloodstream for transport to organs. Lisa is a 19-year-old college student who recently began experiencing symptoms of lactose intolerance. She recognizes the importance of consuming adequate dietary calcium, but does not want to further aggravate her gastrointestinal system. There are several dietary practices that can help Lisa achieve her calcium needs without aggravating her lactose intolerance symptoms. Which is NOT a helpful recommendation for Lisa? A) Eat hard cheeses and yogurt. B) Drink low lactose or lactase-treated milk such as Lactaid®. C) Drink milk on an empty stomach. D) Drink calcium-fortified soy milk that contains no lactose. E) Take pills that contain lactase before eating or drinking dairy foods. Dietary sugars and starches are called "protein sparing," which means A) sugars and starches can substitute for dietary protein when it comes to body protein synthesis. B) dietary protein can be used for protein synthesis and other vital processes, rather than being used as a source of energy. C) sugars and starches are converted to fat, and then converted to glucose for use as blood sugar. D) sugars and starches are converted by the liver to ketone bodies. An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may A) decrease risk of diabetes. B) lower blood lipid levels. C) decrease risk of certain cancers. D) All of these choices are correct. Amylase A) is synthesized in the cells of the small intestine B) digests pectin C) is synthesized in the pancreas D) is the main form of starch found in wheat E) more than one choice is correct This carbohydrate is NOT digested or fermented A) Amylopectin B) Cellulose C) Pectin D) Gums A low blood glucose concentration will stimulate the increase of ____ in the blood A) glucagon B) glycogen C) insulin D) amylose Which is most likely to be true about a food with a low glycemic index? A) It contains soluble fiber B) It is high in amylopectin C) It has a low fat content D) It is a food that people with diabetes should avoid High fructose corn syrup A) is a mixture of approximately 50% fructose and 50% glucose B) is ~ 200 times as sweet as sucrose C) is classified as a polysaccharide D) contains > 90% fructose Simple carbohydrates A) contain 3 or more sugar units. B) include starches. C) are mono- and di- saccharides. D) are called glycogen. How would you respond to someone who states that all carbohydrates are bad and should be decreased in the diet? A) Agree with the person since all carbohydrates are unhealthful. B) Explain that this is untrue and that the most healthful foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans are carbohydrate foods. C) Tell the person that simple refined versions are really the best. D) Agree and tell them the more protein and fat, the better! Which of the following is TRUE about the digestion of carbohydrates? A) Amylase is secreted by the gallbladder and digests proteins and carbohydrates B) Amylase is secreted by the salivary glands and pancreas and digests starches C) Amylase begins simple sugar breakdown in the mouth D) Starches are absorbed through the wall of the small intestine Amylopectin is A) a starch digesting enzyme. B) a type of starch that is branch-chained. C) a type of starch that is straight-chained. D) a simple sugar. Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates? A) Energy for every cell B) Sparing protein as an energy source C) Preventing ketosis D) Making enzymes The results of low amounts of fiber in the diet may be __________. A) hemorrhoids B) enhanced blood sugar control C) enhanced weight loss D) reduction in cholesterol Which of the following terms is used to describe an elevated blood sugar level? A) Hypoglycemia B) Hyperglycemia C) Hyperlipidemia D) Glycemic load Which of the following hormones regulates blood sugar by signaling it to leave the blood and enter the cells? A) Insulin B) Glucagon C) Glycogen D) Pepsin Diabetes can be improved or controlled by A) diet. B) exercise. C) insulin treatments. D) All of these choices are correct Which is NOT a cause or risk factor for Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes? A) Autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas B) Genetic link C) Consuming excessive amounts of sugar D) An advanced case of Type 2 diabetes Once absorbed into the body, the majority of carbohydrates are ultimately transformed into glucose by the A) muscle tissue B) liver C) pancreas D) red blood cells The body is capable of making glucose from non-carbohydrate nutrients, such as protein, by a process referred to as A) glycogenesis. B) glycolysis. C) gluconeogenesis. D) ketosis. Ketosis may result from A) starvation. B) a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrate per day. C) untreated diabetes mellitus. D) All of these choices are correct. Normal blood glucose levels range between A) 40 and 70 mg/dL. B) 70 and 100 mg/dL. C) 125 and 140 mg per 100 ml. D) 200 and 300 mg/dL. Raffinose and stachyose are indigestible oligosaccharides found in foods such as A) milk and dairy products. B) cereals and grains. C) fruits and vegetables. D) beans and other legumes. D) beans and other legumes. The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is A) maltose. B) starch. C) glycogen. D) ribose. The AI for fiber for women is A) 15 g/day. B) 25 g/day. C) 38 g/day. D) 45 g/day. Which of the following is classified as a non-nutritive sweetener? A) sorbitol B) honey C) aspartame D) mannitol E) high fructose corn syrup Very high fiber diets can impair the absorption of trace minerals. A) true B) false Glycogen is made of glucose units linked by beta bonds. A) true B) false Which of the following correctly characterizes lipids? A) They do not dissolve in water. B) They contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. C) They dissolve in water. D) They are all classified as sterols. The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT A) build and repair tissue. B) cushion and protect vital organs. C) insulate the body. D) transport fat-soluble vitamins. Phospholipids consist of A) Two fatty acids B) cholesterol C) glycerol and phosphate D) A and B E) A and C Arachadonic acid is associated with A) glucose metabolism. B) omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. C) omega-6 fatty acid metabolism. D) cholesterol metabolism. [Show Less]