Define health
a dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidemensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person's
... [Show More] interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment
What are the 5 domains of health?
1. Genetic Make-up
2. social circumstances
3. Environment conditions
4. behavioral choices.
5. Health care availability.
Define community
A group of people who share similar characteristics within an area
Define public health
all efforts to improve the health of large groups of people.
Define population health.
This describes the group outcomes of a population's health.
Define global health.
when a health issue impacts more than one country.
Define personal health activities.
things people do that solely affect their own health.
Define community health activities.
any activities which focus on the health of certain groups in the community.
Name the factors that affect the health of the community and the relationship they all have with each other.
1. Physical Factors
2. Community Organization
3. Social and cultural factors
4. Individual behaviors.
Name physical factors which impact community health
-geography
-environment
-community size
-industrial development
Define built-environment.
land use of human-made surroundings as an interrelated whole, as well as their relationship to human activities over time.
Name social-cultural factors which impact community health:
-beliefs
-economy
-politics
-religion
-social norms
-socioeconomic status (SES)
Explain how an economic downturn influences the health of a community:
Bad economy --> job loss --> loss of work health benefits --> governments cuts budgets for health aid --> people lose health aid from gov't
Define community organizing.
when the community comes together to identify common problems and change targets, get resources, and strategize to reach their collective goals.
Give an example how individual behavior impacts community health as a whole:
herd immunity; recycling
Name some changes in health during the 18th century:
-small pox vaccine
-Yellow fever epidemic in PA
-Industrial growth increased disease spread.
Name some changes in health during the 19th Century:
- John Snow discovered that cholera epidemic was due to contaminated water.
-Pastuer --> germ theory
-Learned mosquitoes transmit yellow fever
-Life expectancy: 47 years old
Name some changes in health during the 20th Century:
-U.S. Public Health Service and Rockefeller Foundation were established.
-In 1920s, life expectancy became 59.5 years old. Prohibition decreases deaths by alcohol. A high amount of population still were without health care.
-Great Depression and WW2: New Deal, Health Programs, insecticides and antibiotics.
-1960s medicare and medicaid
What occurred in the Period of Health Promotion (1974 - present)?
-Health Information and Health Promotion Act --> est. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion was established.
-CDC began research in premature deaths
What is the goal of Healthy People?
They post a list of goals they want accomplished in public health by a certain target year.
Name some issues in public health during the 21st Century:
-Affordable Care Act
-Environmental problems
-Lifestyle diseases
-Bioterrorism
-Health Disparities
-Natural & Human Disasters
-Public health preparedness
What are some current global health issues in the 21st Century?
-Unclean water
-hunger
-poor sanitation
-migration and health
Name some global health achievements in the 21st Century:
- decrease in child mortality
- vaccination has prevented death
- prevented and control of: malaria, HIV/AIDs.
-global road safety
-improved preparedness and response.
-79 year life expectancy!!
What are the divisions of government public health?
local, state, national, international
What is type of health organization is partly gov't funded, is independent from gov't supervision and behaves a lot like a voluntary health organization?
Quasi-governmental health organization
What kind of health organization only takes private donations?
A nongovernmental health organization
What is the primary goal of the WHO (World Health Organization)?
Their primary goal is to improve the health of all people.
What is largest international health organization in the world? And what are these 94 countries required to do if they are affiliated with them?
-WHO
-Affiliated countries must provide funding to the WHO.
Name one main national health agency and some with health aspects:
- U.S. Department of Health Services (DHHS) which includes the CDC and NIH.
-EPA and Department of Agriculture.
What kind of organization is the American Red Cross? Name some of its functions:
A quasi-governmental agency.
-functions: natural disaster relief, blood drives and CPR training.
What three general categories can nongovernmental agencies be placed under?
-voluntary health organizations
-Health Professional Organizations
-Philanthropic Organizations [Show Less]