What is the drug-name ending of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)? CORRECT ANSWER - --PRIL
What are ACE inhibitors indicated
... [Show More] for? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Congestive heart failure with low ejection fraction (prevents left ventricular remodeling/hypertrophy)
2. Hypertension/Hypertensive crisis (especially diabetics)
3. Proteinuria (protects the kidney of diabetics)
4. Acute MCI (prevents vicious cycle of cardiac decline)
What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. ACE inhibitors block the function of ACE--an enzyme that resides in the lungs and converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II
2. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland
What are the common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Dry cough due to increased bradykinin
2. Angioedema and hyperkalemia may also occur
What are the drug-names and drug-name endings of Calcium Channel Blockers? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Ditiazem, Verapamil
2. --PINE
When are calcium channel blockers indicated? CORRECT ANSWER - They are indicated in patients who require immediate vasodilation or correction of conduction abnormalities:
1. Hypertension (high risk coronary disease)
2. Atrial arrhythmias
3. Pulmonary Hypertension
4. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
5. Raynaud's Phenomenon (spontaneous vasospasm)
6. Subarrachnoid Hemorrhage
7. Vasospastic angina
What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Calcium channel blockers block calcium channels in smooth muscle, leading to POTENT VASODILATION
2. Calcium Channel Blockers also limit conduction at the AV node of the heart (can help arrhythmia)
What are the side-effects of calcium channel blockers? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Postural hypotension, flushing, constipation, edema
2. Ditiazem and Verapamil cause AV BLOCK***
3. --PINE Calcium Channel inhibitors cause TACHYCARDIA***
What are spironolactone and eperenone? CORRECT ANSWER - Aldosterone antagonists
When are spironolactone and eperenone indicated? CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Congestive heart failure (decreases the cardiac work load)
2. Ascites (best initial diuretic therapy)
3. Adrenal hyperplasia or small cell carcinoma of the lung (aldosterone producing neoplasias)
-Acne (can be anti-androgenic in women)
-Hypertension (rarely)
-Amnorrhea
What are the medications that are KNOWN to lower mortality in congestive heart failure? CORRECT ANSWER - HIGH YIELD, KNOW IN YOUR SLEEP [Show Less]