The first stage of the transition period to extrauterine life is how long? Also called the first stage of reactivity. What happens during this period? -
... [Show More] Correct answer-30 minutes after birth
The newborn's HR increases to 160-180bpm after 30 goes to baseline of 100-120
respirations are irregular - 60-80/min fine crackles heard
audible grunting nasal flaring rectractions of chest may be present - should cease after first hour
What is the period of decreased responsiveness? - Correct answer-60-100 minutes
after the first period of reactivity where the infant sleeps or has marked decrease in
motor activity
infant is pink and respirations are rapid - 60/min
What is the second period of reactivity? - Correct answer-occurs between 2-8 hours after birth and lasts from 10 minutes to several hours
Brief periods of tachypnea and tachycardia occur w/increased muscle tone, changes in skin color, mucus production, and meconium commonly passed
What does clamping the umbilical cord do? - Correct answer-rise in BP, which
increases circulation and lung perfusion
What are the signs of respiratory distress? - Correct answer-Nasal flaring
Intercostal or subcostal retractions
Grunting
Central cyanosis - lips and mucous membranes are bluish
Tachypnea
Tachycardia
Apnea (longer than 20 sec)
rr - less than 30 or greater than 60/min
What is a late sign of respiratory distress? - Correct answer-central cyanosis
what Cardio changes will we see in the infant? - Correct answer-increased pulmonary
blood flow from the left side of the heart increases pressure in the left atrium which
causes a functional closure of the foramen oval.
When does the ductus arteriosus close? - Correct answer-in term infants, within the first
24 hours after birth
permanently closes within 3-4 weeks and it becomes a ligament
a patent ductus arteriosus can be detected as a heart murmur
What is the normal heart rate for a term newborn? During sleep? - Correct answer-120-
160bpm
80-100 during sleep
What is a normal BP in a newborn? - Correct answer-60-80 over 40-50
A drop in systolic BP in the first hour of life is common
What would persistent tachycardia be associated with in a newborn? - Correct answer-
anemia, hypovolemia, hyperthermia, or sepsis
What would persistent bradycardia be associated with in a newborn? - Correct answer-
cogential heart block or hypoxemia
What do unequal or absent pulses, bounding pulses, and decreased or elevated blood
pressure indicate in a newborn? - Correct answer-cardiovascular problems
What does the presence of jaundice indicate in a newborn? - Correct answer-ABO or
Rh factor incompatibility problems
What will we see with the red blood cells in a newborn? - Correct answer-at birth, higher
RBC, H&H than adults
levels fall slowly over first month
What range of WBC will we see in a newborn? - Correct answer-9000-30,000
decreased rapidly and stable level of 12,000
What will we see about plaletes with newborns? - Correct answer-Levels of vitamin K dependent clothing factors increase slowly after birth and slowly reach adult levels by 6 months of age
What is thermogenesis? - Correct answer-neonate attempting to generate heart by
increasing muscle activity
What does a crying and restless infant indicate? - Correct answer-cold
Are infants able to shiver? - Correct answer-No
How do infants produce heat if they are too cold? - Correct answer-Nonshivering
thermogenesis which is accomplished by metabolism of brown fat
What is brown fat? - Correct answer-located in superficial deposits in the intrascapular region and axillae and in deep deposits at the thoracic inlet, along the vertebral column and around the kidneys
rich in vascular and nerve supply than ordinary fat full term has more stores than preterm
Do sweat glands function well in a newborn? - Correct answer-NO
What can hyperthermia cause in a newborn? - Correct answer-neurologic injury and
increase risk for seizures
severe - heat stroke and death
How often should a newborn void? after 4 days? - Correct answer-2-6 times
6-8 after 4 days
What is the full term newborn capable of swallowing, digesting, metabolizaing and
absorbing what? - Correct answer-proteins and simple carbs
What does feeding require that the neonate is able to coordinate? - Correct answersucking swallowing
breathing
Is the neonate able to move food from the lips to the pharynx? - Correct answer-No so
place the nipple well inside the baby's mouth
When are intestinal flora or gut microbiota established with neonate? - Correct answer-
within first week and can help synthesize vitamin K, folate, and biotin
What is the variance of a newborn stomach compacity? - Correct answer-depends on
size of infant by from less than 10mL on day 1 to nearly 30mL on day 3, to 60mL on day
7
How can GERD be minized in infant? - Correct answer-avoiding overfeeding, burping
and positioning the infant with head slightly elevated
What is meconium fluid formed with? - Correct answer-amniotic fluid, intestinal
secretions incluiding bilirubin, and cells
greenish black and viscous and contains occult blood
What does failure to pass meconium indicate? - Correct answer-bowel obstruction or a
congential disorder
When do milk stools usually appear? - Correct answer-by the fourth day
When do transition stools occur? - Correct answer-by third day after initiation of feeding
At birth, the term infant has an iron store sufficient to last approx. ______? - Correct
answer-4 months
What are some risk factors or symptoms of hypoglycemia in a newborn? - Correct
answer-small or large for gestational age
preterm
infant of a diabetic moth
What are some s&s of hypoglycemia in newborn? - Correct answer-jitteriness, lethargy,
apnea, feeding problems, or seizures
What is the easiest way to correct hypoglycemia in a newborn? - Correct answer-
feeding
Bilirubin that is not bound to albumin or free bilirubin, can easily cross the blood brain
barrier and cause what? - Correct answer-neurotoxicity
Unconjugated bilirubin must be ______ so it becomes _____ and ______ - Correct
answer-Conjugated so it becomes soluble and excretable
Effectiveness of bilirubin excretion depends on what? - Correct answer-stooling pattern
substances in the intestine that break it down
Why is feeding important in reducing serum bilirubin levels? - Correct answer-It
stimulates peristalsis and produces more rapid passage of meconium
When does jaundice appear? - total serum bilirubin level exceeds what? - Correct
answer-6-7mg/dL
Physiologic jaundice appears in approx. 60% of term newborns and appears when_____ and resolves with_______ - Correct answer-within 24 hours of age and without treatment
Pathologic jaundice appears within 24 hours of birth and requires further investigation.
True or false - Correct answer-true
what does acute bilirubin encephalopathy refer to? what are the s&s? - Correct answer-
bilirubin toxiticty
lethargy, hypotonia, irritability, seizures, coma, death
What is kernicterus? - Correct answer-Irreversible long term consequences of bilirubin
toxicity such as hypotonia, delayed motor skills, hearing loss, cerebral palsy, and gaze
abnormalities
Why do we give newborns vitamin K shots? - Correct answer-because they have a lack of intestinal bacterial which usually makes vitamin K
since they don't have vitamin K, they have a blood coagulation deficiency between the 2-5 days of life [Show Less]