Active 2 - 3 year old children should have a daily calorie intake of which of the following?
-1000
-1400
-1600
-2000
Correct Answer:
1,400
An
... [Show More] active child who is 2 - 3 years old should have a daily intake of 1,400 calories. If the child is sedentary, the calorie count recommended per day is 1,000.
Enterotoxins affect which of the following?
-skin
-mucous membranes
-nervous system
-skeletal system
Correct answer:
mucous membranes
Enterotoxins affect mucous membranes in the digestive tract. Toxins, in general, can be produced by bacteria during food preparation or storage, or by bacteria in one's digestive tract.
Folate deficiency has been linked to which of the following diseases?
-spina bifida
-anencephaly
-megaloblastic anemia
-all of the above
Correct answer:
all of the above
All of the first three choices are linked to folate deficiency. Other signs of deficiency are inflammation of the mouth and tongue, poor growth, depression and mental confusion, and problems with nerve functions.
Which of the following foods contains the least niacin?
-meat
-legumes
-fish
-vegetables
Correct answer:
vegetables
The best sources of niacin are meats, poultry, and fish. Peanuts and other legumes are also good sources. Vegetables and fruits contain little niacin.
When all nutrients are provided intravenously it is known as which of the following?
-parenteral nutrition
-total parenteral nutrition
-enteral nutrition
-total enteral nutrition
Correct answer:
total parenteral nutrition
Parenteral nutrition is providing nutrition for a patient intravenously. When no significant nutrition is had through other routes this is called TP or total parenteral nutrition. Enteral nutrition is via feeding tube.
A toxicity of vitamin D can cause which of the following?
-rickets
-muscle spasms
-enlargement of the liver
-kidney stones
Correct answer:
kidney stones
Toxicity of vitamin D can cause kidney stones or calcification of soft tissues. Deficiency of vitamin D can cause rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, poorly developed teeth and bones, and muscle spasms.
Carbohydrate requirement for infants aged 7 - 12 months is which of the following?
-30 g/day
-95 g/day
-4.6 g/day
-60 g/day
Correct answer:
95 g/day
Infants have the highest calorie and protein needs per body weight of any time in the life cycle because of rapid growth and development and high activity rates. The carbohydrate requirement for infants of 7 - 12 months is 95 g/day (AI). For infants 0 - 6 months the requirement is 60 g/d (AI).
Which of the following is a monosaccharide, a single sugar unit?
-sucrose
-lactose
-dextrose
-maltose
Correct answer:
dextrose
Dextrose is the only monosaccharides of the choices given. The other choices are disaccharides - two monosaccharides linked together between the aldehyde or ketone and a hydroxyl on another sugar.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the large intestine?
-cecum
-rectum
-ileum
-anal canal
Correct answer:
ileum
The ileum is the last part of the small intestine. The large intestine is divided into four parts: cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.
An abnormal growth of cells is known as which of the following?--metastasis
-carcinogen
-hypoplasia
-neoplasia
Correct answer:
neoplasia
Neoplasia is the abnormal development of cells. The abnormal growth is called a neoplasm.
An abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen is known as which of the following?
-cholelithiasis
-ascites
-necrosis
-stasis
Correct answer:
ascites
Ascites is an abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen. Sometimes cirrhosis of the liver causes ascites. In such a case, sodium and fluids may be restricted.
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kg of water from 14.5 to 15.5 Celsius is which of the following?
-calorie
-kilocalorie
-joule
-energy value
Correct answer:
kilocalorie
The energy value of food is expressed in terms of units of heat. A kilocalorie is different from the calorie which equals 0.001 kcal. In other words, the kilocalorie equals 1,000 calories.
In terms of the pathophysiology of ingestion, a dysfunction of the esophagus is which of the following?
-achalasia
-gastritis
-steatorrhea
-pinocytosis
Correct answer:
achalasia
Achalasia is a dysfunction of the esophagus. There are two clinical conditions: cardio spasm and hiatal hernia. Achalasia is dangerous because the person may aspirate food in the esophagus into the lung, leading to serious infection.
Which of the following zones of temperature allows for rapid bacteria and production of toxins by some bacteria?
-4.4 - 60° C
-0 - 4.4° C
-0 - 32° F
-165 - 212° F
Correct answer:
4.4 - 60° C
This zone of temperature (4.4 - 60° C) is known as the danger zone Temperatures in this zone allow rapid growth of bacteria and production of toxins by some bacteria. In Fahrenheit the danger zone is 40 to 140° F. [Show Less]