Broca's Area - Answer- Speech
The cortical area that is responsible for integrating the myriad pathways required for the comprehension and formulation of
... [Show More] language is called Broca area. It is located in a convolution adjoining the middle cerebral artery. This area is responsible for control of the combinations of muscular movements needed to speak each word.
Chemo Side Effects - Answer- Nausea
Vomiting
Myelosuppression
SIADH, decrease renal perfusion, precipitate end products after cell lysis, and cause interstitial nephritis
Cardiac Toxicity
Testicular and ovarian function can be affected by chemotherapeutic agents, resulting in possible sterility.
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, a potentially dose-limiting toxicity, can affect the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and/or the cranial nerves
Chemo Brain:
Many patients with cancer experience difficulty with remembering dates, multitasking, managing numbers and finances, organization, face or object recognition, inability to follow directions, feeling easily distracted, and motor and behavioral changes.
Fatigue
Expressive Aphasia - Answer- Inability to express oneself
Meningitis First Step - Answer- Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
Glaucoma Symptoms - Answer- The patient may not seek health care until he or she experiences blurred vision or "halos" around lights, difficulty focusing, difficulty adjusting eyes in low lighting, loss of peripheral vision, aching or discomfort around the eyes, and headache.
Assessments for Guillain Barre - Answer- The patient is monitored for life-threatening complications (respiratory failure, cardiac dysrhythmias, VTE [including DVT or PE]) so that appropriate intervention can be initiated. Because of the threat to the patient in this sudden, potentially life-threatening disease, the nurse must assess the patient's and family's ability to cope and their use of coping strategies.
Maintain respiratory function
Enhancing physical mobility
Promote adequate nutrition
Improving communication
Decreasing fear and anxiety
Managing potential complications
Multiple Sclerosis & Urinary Retention - Answer- A neurogenic bladder results in urinary retention or leakage. The patient may describe a sensation of bladder fullness or incomplete bladder emptying. The pharmacological treatment of urinary retention is administration of a cholinergic agonist
From Google:
Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are affected by urinary retention. Common causes include neurogenic underactive bladder and/or bladder outlet obstruction from detrusor sphincter dyssynergia
Traction & Assessment
(Blueprint- Fractured Femer Dim Pulses) - Answer- After skin traction is applied, the nurse assesses circulation of the foot within 15 to 30 minutes and then every 1 to 2 hours. Circulatory assessment consists of:
Peripheral pulses, color, capillary refill, and temperature of the fingers or toes.
Manifestations of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which include unilateral calf tenderness, warmth, redness, and swelling.
Compartment Syndrome - Answer- Diagnosis of compartment syndrome is based on clinical suspicion, assessment of the 6 P's (pain, poikilothermia, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, and paralysis)
Normal Sinus Rhythm - Answer- Electrical conduction that begins in the SA node generates a sinus rhythm. Normal sinus rhythm occurs when the electrical impulse starts at a regular rate and rhythm in the SA node and travels through the normal conduction pathway. Normal sinus rhythm has the following characteristics:
· Ventricular and atrial rate: 60 to 100 bpm in the adult
· Ventricular and atrial rhythm: Regular
· QRS shape and duration: Usually normal, but may be regularly abnormal
· P wave: Normal and consistent shape; always in front of the QRS
· PR interval: Consistent interval between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds
· P:QRS ratio: 1:1
Valve Replacement Teaching - Answer- Patients who have undergone surgical valvuloplasty or valve replacements are admitted to the ICU. Care focuses on recovery from anesthesia and hemodynamic stability. Vital signs are assessed every 5 to 15 minutes and as needed. After the patient has recovered from anesthesia and sedation, is hemodynamically stable without IV medications, and has stable physical assessment parameters, he or she usually is transferred to a telemetry unit, typically within 24 to 72 hours of surgery. The nurse educates the patient about anticoagulant therapy, explaining the need for frequent follow-up appointments and blood laboratory studies.
Engorgement Teaching - Answer- Suggesting a sandwich technique to insert the mother's breast into the newborn's mouth to elicit sucking might be helpful for the mother with large breasts. In the sandwich technique, the mother is taught to grasp her breast by making a "C" with her thumb and index finger. The thumb stabilizes the top of the breast while the remaining four fingers support her breast from below. Massage or pumping the breast may soften and extend the nipple for easier infant latch-on.
Rhogam Refusal - Answer- Jehovah's Witnesses and others who belong to religions prohibiting the use of blood products should decide based on their conscience and possibly ecclesiastical leaders about the use of RhoGAM. Nurses need to respect whatever the mother's decision is.
24 Hour Jaundice - Answer- Physiologic jaundice is very common in newborns, with the majority demonstrating yellowish skin, mucous membranes, and sclera within the first 3 days of life.
Advise mothers to nurse their infants at least eight to 12 times per day for the first several days
Variable Decelerations - Answer- Variable decelerations present as visually apparent abrupt decreases in FHR below baseline and have an unpredictable shape on the FHR baseline, possibly demonstrating no consistent relationship to uterine contractions. Variable decelerations are associated with cord compression
Turn the client on her left or right lateral, knee-chest, or hands and knees to increase placental perfusion or relieve cord compression.
Normal Fetal Heart Rate - Answer- The normal baseline FHR ranges between 110 and 160 beats per minute (bpm)
IUGR What is it? & What are NST Results? - Answer- intrauterine growth restriction
Currently, an NST is recommended twice weekly (after 28 weeks' gestation) for clients with diabetes and other high-risk conditions, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia, post-term pregnancy, renal disease, and multifetal pregnancies
A nonreactive test has been correlated with a higher incidence of fetal distress during labor, fetal mortality, and IUGR. Additional testing, such as a biophysical profile, should be considered
Methadone - Answer- Methadone is an opioid
Symptoms of opioid withdrawal cause significant distress, but do not require pharmacologic intervention to support life or bodily functions. Longer acting substances such as methadone may not produce significant withdrawal symptoms for 2 to 4 days, and the symptoms may take 2 weeks to subside.
Also used to treat addiction & withdrawl
Methadone can be used as a replacement for opioids, and the dosage is then decreased over 2 weeks. Substitution of methadone during detoxification reduces symptoms to no worse than a mild case of flu
Client during Termination Phase - Answer- Abandons old needs
Aspires to new goals
Becomes independent of helping person
Applies new problem-solving skills
Maintains changes in style of communication and interaction
Shows positive changes in view of self
Integrates illness
Exhibits ability to stand alone
Nurse during Termination Phase - Answer- Sustains relationship as long as client feels necessary
Promotes family interaction to assist with goal planning
Teaches preventive measures
Uses community agencies
Teaches self-care
Terminates nurse-client relationship
Maslow - Answer- The most basic needs—the physiologic needs of food, water, sleep, shelter, sexual expression, and freedom from pain—must be met first. The second level involves safety and security needs, which include protection, security, and freedom from harm or threatened deprivation. The third level is love and belonging needs, which include enduring intimacy, friendship, and acceptance. The fourth level involves esteem needs, which include the need for self-respect and esteem from others. The highest level is self-actualization, the need for beauty, truth, and justice.
Gout & Allupurinol - Answer- Allopurinol is used to decrease the about of serum uric acid levels
It is necessary to administer allopurinol after meals to ensure absorption.
Osteoarthritis Exercise - Answer- The goals of management are to decrease pain and stiffness and to maintain or, when possible, improve joint mobility. Exercise, especially in the form of cardiovascular aerobic exercise and lower extremity strength training, has been found to prevent OA progression and decrease symptoms of OA
Hypertonic Fluids - Answer- Hypertonic solutions exert an osmotic pressure greater than that of the ECF.
When normal saline solution or lactated Ringer solution contains 5% dextrose, the total osmolality exceeds that of the ECF
Saline 3% or 5%
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain - Answer- Rheumatoid Arthritis pain is treated with NSAIDs and specifically the cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme blockers are used for pain and inflammation relief. NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Motrin) and naproxen (Naprosyn), are commonly prescribed because of their low cost and analgesic properties.
Hypothyroidism & Levothyroxine - Answer- Levothyroxine (Synthroid): Used to treat hypothyroidism. People should take levothyroxine in the morning on an empty stomach. If the pulse rate prior to administering the drug is more than 100 beats/min, it is important to notify the prescriber. Therapeutic Effects: Increased energy and decreased sleep
Kidney Stones and Lithotripsy - Answer- Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is a similar method in which an electrical discharge is used to create a hydraulic shock wave to break up the stone. A probe is passed through the cystoscope, and the tip of the lithotriptor is placed near the stone. The strength of the discharge and pulse frequency can be varied. This procedure is performed under topical anesthesic
Symptoms of BPH - Answer- Obstructive and irritative symptoms may include urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, hesitancy in starting urination, decreased and intermittent force of stream and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), and complications of acute urinary retention and recurrent UTIs.
BPH Risks - Answer- Estrogens may also play a role in the cause of BPH; BPH generally occurs when men have elevated estrogen levels and when prostate tissue becomes more sensitive to estrogens and less responsive to DHT. Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, reduced activity level, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, and a Western diet (high in animal fat and protein and refined carbohydrates, low in fiber) are risk factors for BPH
Relation between PAD & Diabetes - Answer- Peripheral Arterial Occlusion
Diabetes is a risk factor of PAD, Diabetes (speeds the atherosclerotic process by thickening the basement membranes of both large and small vessels)
Thrombocytopenia Labs - Answ [Show Less]