HESI Med Surg Exam | Questions and Verified Answers with Rationales| 100% Correct| 2023/ 2024 Newly Updated
QUESTION
Which statement made by a client
... [Show More] with chronic pancreatitis indicates that further education is needed?
A. I will cut back on smoking cigarettes daily.
B. I will avoid drinking caffeinated beverages.
C. I will rest frequently and avoid vigorous exercise.
D. I will eat a bland, low-fat, high-protein diet.
Answer:
A
To prevent exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, clients should be instructed to avoid nicotine entirely. Additional teaching includes avoiding caffeinated beverages, resting frequently as needed, and eating a bland diet low fat and high in protein.
QUESTION
The nurse is teaching a female client who uses a contraceptive diaphragm about reducing the risk for toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
A. Remove the diaphragm immediately after intercourse.
B. Wash the diaphragm with an alcohol solution.
C. Use the diaphragm to prevent conception during the menstrual cycle.
D. Do not leave the diaphragm in place longer than 8 hours after intercourse.
E. Replace the old diaphragm every 3 months.
Answer:
D, E
The diaphragm needs to remain against the cervix for 6 to 8 hours to prevent pregnancy but should not remain for longer than 8 hours to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome. The diaphragm should be replaced every 3 months to maintain integrity.
QUESTION
A male client who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day states he understands that smoking cigarettes is contributing to the difficulty that he and his wife are having in getting pregnant and wants to know if other factors could be contributing to their difficulty. What information is best for the nurse to provide? (Select all that apply.)
A. Marijuana cigarettes do not affect sperm count.
B. Alcohol consumption can cause erectile dysfunction.
C. Low testosterone levels affect sperm production.
D. Cessation of smoking improves general health and fertility.
E. Obesity has no effect on sperm production.
Answer:
B, C, D
Use of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana may affect sperm counts. Sperm count is also negatively affected by low testosterone levels and obesity.
QUESTION
A client is newly diagnosed with diverticulosis. The registered nurse (RN) is assessing the client's basic knowledge about the disease process. Which statement by the client conveys an understanding of the etiology of diverticula?
A. Over use of laxatives for bowel regularity result in loss of peristaltic tone.
B. Inflammation of the colon mucosa cause growths that protrude into the colon lumen.
C. Diverticulosis is the result of high fiber diet and sedentary life style.
D. Chronic constipation causes weakening of colon wall which result in out-pouching sacs.
Answer:
D
A client who has chronic constipation often strains to pass constipated stool which increases intestinal pressure that weakens the intestinal walls and causes out-pouching sacs, called diverticula which commonly occur in the sigmoid.
QUESTION
The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a client who was discharged home after management of chronic hypertension. Which equipment should the RN instruct the client to use at home?
A. Exercise bicycle.
B. Sphygmomanometer.
C. Blood glucose monitor.
D. Weekly medication box.
Answer:
B
Self-awareness is the best way for a client to manage chronic hypertension, so the client should obtain a sphygmomanometer and learn how to monitor blood pressure daily and maintain a record.
QUESTION
A young adult male is diagnosed with Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma in the abdominopelvic region and is scheduled for radiation therapy (RT). The client expresses concern about becoming infertile. How should the nurse respond?
A. Propose sperm banking before RT then artificial insemination is an option.
B. Suggest adoption when the client is in remission or ready for parenting.
C. Tell the client that infertility is a non-reversible side effect of radiotherapy.
D. Explain that sperm production will be suppressed after radiotherapy is over.
Answer:
A
Radiation at high doses kills the stem cells that produce sperm. While infertility after radiotherapy often occurs, the nurse should be supportive and offer alternatives that address the client's concerns and treatment decisions. Suggesting sperm banking is the most sensitive and supportive response.
QUESTION
Small bowel obstruction is a condition characterized by which finding?
A. Severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
B. Metabolic acidosis.
C. Ribbon-like stools.
D. Intermittent lower abdominal cramping.
Answer:
A
Among the findings characteristic of a small bowel obstruction is the presence of severe fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
QUESTION
Which client should the nurse recognize as most likely to experience sleep apnea?
A. Middle-aged female who takes a diuretic nightly.
B. Obese older male client with a short, thick neck.
C. Adolescent female with a history of tonsillectomy.
D. School-aged male with a history of hyperactivity disorder.
Answer:
B
Sleep apnea is characterized by lack of respirations for 10 seconds or more during sleep and is due to the loss of pharyngeal tone which allows the pharynx to collapse during inspiration and obstructs air flow through the nose and mouth. Risk factors which increase the condition of sleep apnea include: excessive weight, increases the risk 4 times more than normal weighing individuals; neck circumference, thicker necks have narrower airways; individuals with inherited narrower airways; males in general are more prone to sleep apnea; females risk increase with being overweight and post-menopausal; increased age (geriatrics); family history; use of alcohol, sedatives or tranquilizers; smokers and those who suffer from nasal allergies.
QUESTION
Which milestone indicates to the nurse successful achievement of young adulthood?
A. Demonstrates a conceptualization of death and dying.
B. Completes education and becomes self-supporting.
C. Creates a new definition of self and roles with others.
D. Develops a strong need for parental support and approval.
Answer:
B [Show Less]