Hesi Anatomy & Physiology Terminology 118 Questions with Verified Answers
Abdominopelvic - CORRECT ANSWER Cavity Composed of the abdomen and the
... [Show More] pelvis.
Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of nutrients from the digestive tube into the bloodstream.
Actin - CORRECT ANSWER Protein making up the I band of the Sarcomere.
Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER The building block of proteins.
Antibody - CORRECT ANSWER Special proteins that protect the body from foreign substances.
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER Abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate, which is the energy of the cell.
Atria - CORRECT ANSWER Upper chambers of the heart.
Bile - CORRECT ANSWER Product of the liver that emulsifies fat.
Cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER Tissue made of cells and fibers that connect and support.
Ceruminous Gland - CORRECT ANSWER Gland of the ear that produces earwax.
Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER Bodies within the nucleus made of DNA and proteins called histones.
Cilia - CORRECT ANSWER Small hairlike projections on some cells.
CNS - CORRECT ANSWER Abbreviation for central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Coronal Plane - CORRECT ANSWER Imaginary line passing through the body from head to feet that divides the body into front and back portions.
Cranial Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER Body cavity containing the brain.
Diaphragm - CORRECT ANSWER Dome-shaped breathing muscle that seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of materials from high concentration to lower concentration.
Digestion - CORRECT ANSWER The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Dorsal Horn - CORRECT ANSWER Crescent-shaped projection of gray matter within the spinal cord where the sensory neurons enter the spinal cord.
ECG - CORRECT ANSWER Abbreviation for electrocardiogram, which is a record of the electrical activity of the heart.
Embryo - CORRECT ANSWER Prenatal development time between the zygote and the fetus.
Endometrium - CORRECT ANSWER Inner lining of the uterus.
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER Functional proteins; their names usually end in ase.
Foramen Magnum - CORRECT ANSWER A passage in the skull bone through which the spinal cord enters the spinal column.
Formed Elements - CORRECT ANSWER The blood cells.
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER A simple sugar found in certain foods, especially fruits.
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER The physiologic steady state that is naturally maintained within the body.
Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER Portion of the brain that regulates body temperature, sleep and appetite.
Ingest - CORRECT ANSWER To eat food and drink.
Joints - CORRECT ANSWER Articulations between adjoining bones.
Keratin - CORRECT ANSWER A tough, fibrous, insoluble protein forming the primary components of skin, hair, nails, and tooth enamel.
Keratinized Epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER The dead cells of the epidermis.
Lacteal Vessels - CORRECT ANSWER Found within the villi of the intestinal wall, where fat nutrients are absorbed.
Ligaments - CORRECT ANSWER Tissue connecting bone to bone.
Median Plane - CORRECT ANSWER An imaginary line dividing the body or body part into right and left portions.
Mediastinum - CORRECT ANSWER Space within the thoracic cavity that houses all the organs of the chest except the lungs.
Metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER The sum total of uses of ATP in the body.
Mucous Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Thin sheets of tissue cells that line body openings or canals that open to the outside of the body.
Myosin - CORRECT ANSWER A protein that makes up nearly half the proteins in muscle cells.
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER The control center of the cell.
Oral Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER The mouth; also known as the buccal cavity.
Orbits - CORRECT ANSWER Cavities containing the eyes.
Organelle - CORRECT ANSWER A structurally discrete component of a cell that performs a specific function.
pH - CORRECT ANSWER Measurement associated with acids and bases.
Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER Engulfing of materials by certain cells of the body.
Plasma - CORRECT ANSWER The liquid portion of blood.
Pulmonary Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER Blood flow through a network of vessels between the heart and the lungs for the oxygenation of blood and the removal of carbon dioxide.
Ribosome - CORRECT ANSWER The organelle of the cell where protein synthesis takes place.
Sagittal - CORRECT ANSWER An imaginary line running from front to back that divides the body into right and left portions.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER Organelle of the muscle fiber that stores calcium.
Sebaceous Glands - CORRECT ANSWER Oil glands of the skin.
Serous Membranes - CORRECT ANSWER Thin sheets of tissue that line body cavities not having exits to the outside.
Spinal Column - CORRECT ANSWER The backbone that protects the spinal cord, which runs inside of it.
Subcutaneous Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER Layer of tissue under the dermis that contains adipose tissue.
Sudoriferous Glands - CORRECT ANSWER Sweat glands.
Synovial Membranes - CORRECT ANSWER Loose, connective tissue that lines the joint cavity.
Systemic Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER The general blood circulation of the body, not including the lungs.
Thoracic Cavity - CORRECT ANSWER The chest cavity.
Transverse Plane - CORRECT ANSWER An imaginary line dividing the body or body parts into top and bottom portions.
Vasoconstriction - CORRECT ANSWER A narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel.
Vasodilation - CORRECT ANSWER A widening of the diameter of a blood vessel.
Ventral Horns - CORRECT ANSWER The anterior columns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
Ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER Lower chambers of the heart.
Zygote - CORRECT ANSWER The fertilized egg, from the time it is fertilized until it is implanted in the uterus.
* Cardiac Muscle - CORRECT ANSWER Involuntary action
* Hypothalamus - CORRECT ANSWER Appetite
* Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER Motor coordination
* Cerebral Cortex - CORRECT ANSWER High intellectual function
* Alveoli - CORRECT ANSWER The absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere into the blood.
Golgi Apparatus - CORRECT ANSWER Modification and glycosylaction of proteins.
Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER Water diffuses into and out of cells.
Fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER It is anaerobic, requires glucose and produces energy.
Polysomes - CORRECT ANSWER The functional clusters of ribosomes.
Identical twins - CORRECT ANSWER Twins from a single egg.
Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER Contains phospholipids as a structural component.
Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER Nucleus, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosome
Lysosomes - CORRECT ANSWER Digestive enzymes for intracellular use.
Characteristics of Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER Can act as hormones, catalyze chemical reactions and act in cell membrane trafficking.
Electron Transport Chain - CORRECT ANSWER The part of cellular respiration that directly produces a pH gradient during the oxidative metabolism of glucose.
Bone functions - CORRECT ANSWER Formation of blood cells, protection of vital organs and framework for movement.
* Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER Involuntary centers that controls the rate of breathing.
Cell Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER RNA and DNA synthesis occurs here.
Oxytocin - CORRECT ANSWER Increases uterine contractions during childbirth.
Blood type: O - CORRECT ANSWER Can be donated to anyone.
Gamete - CORRECT ANSWER Contains a total of 23 chromosomes.
* Small Intestine - CORRECT ANSWER Most human digestion takes place here.
Pancreas - CORRECT ANSWER Insulin is created here.
Retina - CORRECT ANSWER Contains rods and cones that are light sensitive cells.
Striated - CORRECT ANSWER Controls muscles by conscious thought.
* Small Intestine - CORRECT ANSWER Most of nutrients in food are absorbed here.
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER Include starches and sugars
* Red Blood Cells - CORRECT ANSWER Have no nucleus.
tRNA - CORRECT ANSWER Binds specific amino acids and carries them to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Insulin overdose - CORRECT ANSWER Increased conversion of glucose to glycogen.
*Starch - CORRECT ANSWER Saliva in the mouth begins the process of breaking down:
*In an emergency, an individual with type AB antigen in his red blood cells may receive a transfusion of: - CORRECT ANSWER Type O, A or B blood
*Alimentary Canal - CORRECT ANSWER The entire path food follows through the body: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
*Peristalsis (mechanical digestion) - CORRECT ANSWER A wavelike muscular action conducted by smooth muscle that lines the gut in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
*Polysaccharides (chemical digestion) - CORRECT ANSWER They are broken down into glucose.
*Triglycerides (chemical digestion) - CORRECT ANSWER They are hydrolyzed into fatty acids and glycerol.
* Proteins (chemical digestion) - CORRECT ANSWER They are broken down into amino acids.
*Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Through ingestion and digestion, organisms make nutrients available to cells through:
* Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER The system involved in transport of nutrients to different parts of the body.
*Veins - CORRECT ANSWER Blood passing through capillaries is led into ________ that connect to the heart.
*Atria - CORRECT ANSWER Chambers where blood from veins collects and is pumped into ventricles.
*Ventricles - CORRECT ANSWER Larger more muscular chambers that pump blood through the body.
Arteries - CORRECT ANSWER Carriers blood from the heart to the tissue of the body.
Veins (thin walls) - CORRECT ANSWER Carries blood back to the heart from the capillaries.
Capillaries - CORRECT ANSWER Thin-walled vessels that permits the exchange of materials between the blood and the body's cells.
*Blood - CORRECT ANSWER The fluid through the body by the circulatory system, which is composed of a liquid component, plasma, and cells.
Erythrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER Red blood cells
Lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER White blood cells
Red Blood Cells - CORRECT ANSWER The most abundant cells present in blood, and their primary function is to transport oxygen.
Hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER The oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells.
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER Provides oxygen and removes CO2.
Lungs - CORRECT ANSWER Designed to move air between the exterior atmosphere and an interior air space that is in close contact with capillaries.
*Medulla Oblongata - CORRECT ANSWER Controls the rate of breaking.
*Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER Enables organisms to receive and respond to stimuli from their external and internal environments. [Show Less]