What is MCV?
Mean corpuscular volume: expression of average volume and size of individual RBCs
What is MCHC?
mean corpuscular hemoglobin
... [Show More] concentration - average Hgb concentration (proportion of RBC occupied by Hgb as a percentage)
What are the MCV values?
Normocytic: 80-100
Microcyctic: <80
Macrocyctic: >100
What are the MCHC values?
Normochromic: 32-36
Hypochromic: <32
Hyperchromic: >36
-Cytic = ?
-Chromic = ?
Size, Color
What two anemias are associated with Low MCV?
Iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia
What two anemia are associated with High MCV?
B12 and folate deficiency
What is the most common cause of anemia?
iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
IDA is __________________ ____________________
Microcytic hypochromic
IDA: causes
Blood loss, inadequate intake, problem with absorption
What is a symptoms of IDA?
PICA - unusual food cravings (ice in adults, clay in children)
In IDA, total iron binding capacity is __________
High
In IDA, ferritin is ______________
Low (represents iron stores)
IDA: TX
Identify underlying cause - give PO ferrous sulfate, if cannot tolerate, get through diet
What are important things to remember about ferrous sulfate?
Give after meals and not w/ antacids, give w/ vitamin C (increases absorption)
What dietary food are good for pts with IDA?
Breads, iron fortified breads, cereals, red meats, green leafy veggies (spinach, kale, turnip/collard greens)
Thalassemia is ____________ ____________
Microcytic hypochromic
T/F: Thalassemia is genetic
True
What ethnicity will you normall see in patients with thalassemia?
Asian
What are the TIBC/Ferritin labs in a pt w/ thalassemia?
Both normal
Do you give iron supplements for mild/mod thalassemia?
No
Folic Acid deficiency (FAD) is ______________ ________________
Macrocytic normochromic
What is needed to produce RBCs?
Folic acid
FAD: s/s
Fatigue, tachycardia, pallor, dyspnea, headache, anorexia, glossitis (big, beefy, red tongue)
T/F: Folic acid deficiency has neuro signs associated with it
False
FAD: is folate increased or decreased?
Decreased
FAD: Tx
PO folate (1mg PO/d), good dietary intake (peanut butter, fish, green leafy veggies)
Alcohol abuse is common with what type of anemia?
Folic acid deficiency
What is pernious anemia a deficit of?
Vitamin B12 (deficiency of intrinsic factor that results in malabsorption of B12)
Pernious anemia is ____________ ____________
Macrocytic, normochromic
Pernious anemia: s/s
Glossitis, palpitations, positive neuro signs, paresthesia, loss of fine motor, positive Romberg, positive Babinski
Pernious anemia: Tx
Give B12 - cyanocobalamin 100mg IM/d x7d, front load then B12 injection once/month for life
What causes anemia of chronic disease?
Chronic inflammation, infection, illness, malignancy
Anemia of chronic disease is _____________ _____________
Normocytic, normochromic
What is the most common anemia in the elderly population?
Anemia of chronic disease
What is the most common anemia in the hospital?
Anemia of chronic disease
Anemia of chronic disease: TIBC is __________, Ferritin is ________
Low, High [Show Less]