Health Assessment Midterm - Spring 2022
open-ended questions - Correct Answer- questions a person is to answer in his or
her own words. The open-ended
... [Show More] question is unbiased; it leaves the person free to
answer in any way. This type of question encourages the person to respond in
paragraphs and give a spontaneous account in any
order chosen.
what is the purpose of interviewing the patient? - Correct Answer- Interviewing is the
best chance to gain an understanding of the patient's beliefs, their concerns and their
perception of their own individual health state. Interviewing also allows for the
compilation of subjective and objective data. You can also distinguish factors such
as a patient's orientation, physical appearance, posture, conversational abilities, and
overall demeanor.
What are successful interviewing characteristics? - Correct Answer- gathering
accurate health information, establishing trust, teaching, building rapport, and the
discussion of health promotion and disease prevention.
What are the different types of communication when interacting with patients? -
Correct Answer- verbal communication and non-verbal communication
verbal communication - Correct Answer- the words you speak and also your tone in
the conversation
Non-verbal communication - Correct Answer- refers to mostly body language.
basically, communicating without the use of words
What is the purpose of the health history? - Correct Answer- provides a complete
picture of the patient's past and present health status. It can be used as a screening
tool for the detection of any abnormalities.
symptom - Correct Answer- subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a
headache
sign - Correct Answer- objective evidence of disease such as a fever
History of Present Illness (HPI) - Correct Answer- information gathered regarding the
symptoms and nature of the patient's current concern
OLDCART - Correct Answer- O- onset
L- location
D- duration
C- characteristics
A- aggravating factors
R- relieving factors
T- treatment
subjective data - Correct Answer- what the person says about himself or herself
during history taking
objective data - Correct Answer- what the health professional observes by
inspecting, palpating, percussing, and auscultating during the physical examination
Past Medical History (PMH) - Correct Answer- A listing of any illnesses the patient
may have had in the past; includes childhood illnesses, accidents or injuries, serious
or chronic illnesses, hospitalizations, and operations .
Review of Systems (ROS) - Correct Answer- physical examination of all body
systems in a systematic manner as part of the nursing assessment. Does NOT
include objective data.
Functional Assessment: ADLs - Correct Answer- Bathing
Toileting
Dressing
Grooming
Eating
Mobility
Communicating
Cultivating Your Senses - Correct Answer- The examiner will use the senses—sight,
smell, touch, and hearing—to gather data during physical examination. Senses will
be focused to assess each person's health state
Order of Health Assessment - Correct Answer- Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation
stethoscope - Correct Answer- a medical instrument for listening to the sounds
generated inside the body. A stethoscope does not magnify sounds, but it blocks out
extraneous sounds. The stethoscope contains a diaphragm that allows you to hear
high pitch sounds and a bell that allows you to hear soft pitch sounds.
Auscultation - Correct Answer- The basic principles of auscultation are to eliminate
extra noise, to keep your environment comfortable and your stethoscope warm for
your patient. Avoid listening over hairy body areas . Never listen through a patient's
gown or clothing. Also, it is important to avoid your own artifact or noises as these
can be interpreted as the patient's sounds.
Standard Precautions - Correct Answer- CDC precautions used in the care of all
patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category
combines universal and body substance precautions
General Survey - Correct Answer- study of the whole person, covering the general
health state and any obvious physical characteristics
General Survey: Physical Appearance - Correct Answer- age, sex, LOC, skin color,
facial features, overall appearance
General Survey: Mobility - Correct Answer- -Gait
-Range of Motion (ROM)
body structure - Correct Answer- stature, nutrition, symmetry, posture, position, body
build, contour
Priority Problems - Correct Answer- 1. First level priority
- emergent, life-threatening
2. Second level priority
- requiring prompt intervention to forestall further deterioration
3. third level priority
- important to patients health but can be addressed after more urgent health
problems
4. Collaborative problems
- those in which approach to treatment involves multiple disciplines.
Identifying immediate priorities
A. airway problems
B. breathing problems
C. circulation problems
V. vital sign concerns (high fever, etc)
evidence-based practice - Correct Answer- clinical decision making that integrates
the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and
preferences
cultural competence - Correct Answer- An understanding of how a patient's cultural
background shapes his beliefs, values, and expectations for therapy.
Cultural Assessment - Correct Answer- systematic and comprehensive examination
of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and
communities
Religion - Correct Answer- refers to an organized system of beliefs as a shared
experience that can assist in meeting one's individual spiritual needs
Spirituality - Correct Answer- broader term that encompasses something larger than
one's own existence with a belief in transcendence
Transcultural Expression of Illness - Correct Answer- -Expectations, manifestations,
and management of pain are all embedded in a cultural context
-Pain has been found to be a highly personal experience, depending on cultural
learning, the meaning of the situation, and other factors unique to the person
-Silent suffering has been identified as the most valued response to pain by health
care professionals
Culturally Competent Nursing Care - Correct Answer- Care is planned and
implemented in a way that is sensitive to the needs of individuals, families, and
groups from diverse populations within society
culturally sensitive - Correct Answer- implies that caregivers possess some basic
knowledge of and constructive attitudes toward the diverse cultural populations
found in the setting in which they are practicing
culturally appropriate - Correct Answer- implies that the caregivers apply the
underlying background knowledge that must be possessed to provide a given person
with the best possible health care
cultural sensibilities - Correct Answer- the deliberate proactive behavior by health
care providers who examine cultural situations through thoughtful reasoning,
responsiveness, and discreet interactions
focused assessment - Correct Answer- A type of physical assessment that is
typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of
injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the
chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part.
complete assessment - Correct Answer- Involves a review and physical examination
of all body systems
pain - Correct Answer- an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated
with actual or potential tissue damage
Pain Assessment - Correct Answer- Provocative or Palliative (what makes it
worse/better)
Quality or Quantity (For example, is the pain sharp or dull, throbbing?)
Regian or Radiation(Location)
Severity Scale (Numeric pain intensity scale)
Timing (Onset)
Understand Patient's Perception (Activities of Daily Living assessment)
What is the most reliable indicator of pain? - Correct Answer- patient's self-report
Numeric pain scale - Correct Answer- 0-10, no pain to worst pain imaginable
nociceptive pain - Correct Answer- pain from a normal process that results in
noxious stimuli being perceived as painful
neuropathic pain - Correct Answer- pain that results as a direct consequence of a
lesion or disease affecting abnormal functioning of the peripheral nervous system
(PNS) or central nervous system (CNS)
cancer pain - Correct Answer- pain resulting from any of a variety of causes related
to cancer and/or the metastasis of cancer
jugular vein - Correct Answer- Vein that carries blood from the head to the superior
vena cava
carotid artery - Correct Answer- artery on each side of the neck that supplies blood
to the head
heart sounds - Correct Answer- the closure of valves and rushing of blood through
the heart cause characteristic "Lub Dub" sounds that can be heard during
auscultation.
Heart Sounds: S1 (Lub) - Correct Answer- "lub"
Normal closure or mitral/tricuspid valves
Beginning of systole
Decreased in aortic stenosis
Heart Sounds S2 (Dub) - Correct Answer- As the aortic & pulmonic valves close; the
semilunar valves close
This occurs at the onset of diastole
abnormal heart sounds - Correct Answer- thrill, bruit, lift or heave
myocardial infarction - Correct Answer- the occlusion of one or more coronary
arteries caused by plaque buildup (heart attack)
Aortic Stenosis (AS) - Correct Answer- narrowing of the aortic valve
atrial septal defect (ASD) - Correct Answer- flaw in the septum that divides the two
atria of the heart
Point of maximal impulse (PMI) - Correct Answer- Where heartbeat is best palpable
on chest wall; 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line
Pericardium - Correct Answer- Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.
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