Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System Chronic venous insufficiency
- brown color from pulling blood, edema, varicosities in long
... [Show More] term will lead to venous ulcer
- treatments = elevate the legs, compression stocking, moisturizing
Peripheral artery disease
- caused by narrowing artery
- you will feel pain because heart can’t keep up with the demand of the blood e.g. chest pain
- feel pain when walk intermittent claudication = pain as you walk
- pain is relieved when rest
- ss = (thin, shiny, loss of hair, atrophic skin), pallor, and coolness, thick- ridged nails
- leads to arterial ulcers = at toes, characterized by pale ischemic base, well-defined edges, and no bleeding
Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis
- Virchow triad: stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction
- leads to pulmonary embolism
- ss: unilateral swelling of the affected leg, tenderness to severe pain, warmth and redness
- risk factors: prolonged bed rest, history of varicose veins, trauma, infection, cancer, obesity, immobility, heart failure, smoking, contraceptive, estrogen hormones
- sitting or the time e.g. on the airplane, you have to keep those muscle moving by moving your feet
Raynaud’s disease Edema evaluation
1+ Mild pitting, slight indentation, no perceptible swelling 2+ Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
3+ Deep pitting, indentation remains, leg looks swollen
4+ Very deep pitting, indentation lasts long time, leg grossly swollen and distorted
Organs of immune system
- Spleen = LUQ, destroy old red blood cells, store red blood cells and produce antibodies
- Tonsils = respond to local inflammation
- Thymus = develops T and B lymphocytes
- Bone marrow
- Lymph nodes enlarge, swollen and tender when fighting infection or inflammation
1. Cervical nodes = drain head and neck e.g. tooth
2. Axillary nodes = drain breast and upper arm
3. Epitrochlear node = drain the hand and lower arm
4. Inguinal nodes = drain lower extremity e.g. foot
Lymphoma
- Swelling lymph nodes movable = still good [Show Less]