Question 1
Selected Answer:
What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as
codominant?
AB
Question
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chinenye Ugwuanyi 8Selected Answer:
The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American
blacks is an example of which concept?
Incidence
Question 3
Selected
Answer:
A patient is having a spirometry measurement done and asks the healthcare
professional to explain this test. What response by the professional is best?
To measure the volume and flow rate during forced
expiration
Question 4
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What
is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be
prepared to treat?
Erythema
Question 5
Selected
Answer:
A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in
patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the
professor should review this material?
Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of
increased ammonia.
Question 6
Selected Answer:
What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual
disability?
Fragile X syndrome
Question 7
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What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection?
It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA.
Question 8
Selected Answer:
Which renal change is found in older adults?
Decrease in the number of nephrons
Question 9
Selected
Answer:
In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is
to release what?
Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during
acute inflammation
Question 10
Selected Answer:
Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell?
Glycolysis
Question 11
Selected Answer:
A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem.
What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see?
Pulse and blood pressure changes
Question 12
Selected Answer:
A parent wants to know how to prevent type 1 diabetes in the newborn. The
healthcare professional explains that prevention is not possible, because which of
these is a major characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Insulin resistance
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Selected Answer:
A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What
assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be most consistent with
this reading?
Rhonchi
Question 14
Selected Answer:
A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the
healthcare professional is best?
Give the patient an antihistamine.
Question 15
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells
the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with
which action?
Avoidance of the causative agent
Question 16
Selected
Answer:
A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process
of alcoholic cirrhosis. What statement by the professional would not be consistent
with complete knowledge about this process?
Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the
bile canaliculi.
Question 17
Selected Answer:
The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?
Increased plasma oncotic pressure
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0 out of 1 pointsQuestion 18
Selected Answer:
How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity?
Angiotensin II activity is elevated.
Question 19
Selected Answer:
A student asks the professor to explain what effect natriuretic peptides have
during heart failure when the heart dilates. Which response by the professor is
best?
Inhibits renin and aldosterone
Question 20
Selected Answer:
When renin is released, it is capable of which action?
Direct activation of angiotensin II
Question 21
Selected Answer:
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis?
Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
Question 22
Selected Answer:
The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to which factor?
Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries
Question 23
Selected
Answer:
What mechanisms occur in the liver cells as a result of lipid accumulation?
Increased synthesis of triglycerides from fatty acids and
decreased synthesis of apoproteins
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1 out of 1 pointsQuestion 24
Selected Answer:
A person wants to know if eating only plant-based foods is advisable as a way to
cut cholesterol to near-zero levels. What response by the health care professional
is best?
No, many hormones are made from cholesterol.
Question 25
Selected Answer:
The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which
cardiac location?
Atria
Question 26
Selected
Answer:
A patient has a serum sodium level of 165 mEq/L. The healthcare professional
explains that the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral
hemorrhage, and coma are caused by what mechanism?
High sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the blood
vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell.
Question 27
Selected Answer:
A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional
advise the person to include in the diet?
Iodine
Question 28
Selected
Answer:
During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the
ventricles relax?
Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to
merge, closing the valves.
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1 out of 1 pointsQuestion 29
Selected
Answer:
If a patient develops acidosis, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin
dissociation curve to react in which manner?
Shift to the right, causing more oxygen (O 2) to be released
to the cells
Question 30
Selected Answer:
What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause?
Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance
Question 31
Selected Answer:
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
Question 32
Selected Answer:
A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood
transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should
the healthcare professional monitor the patient for?
Hemosiderosis
Question 33
Selected Answer:
A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare
professional advise the woman about?
Blood test for hyperthyroidism
Question 34
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A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical
activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG. What ECG finding would the
healthcare professional associate with this problem?
PR interval measuring 0.28 sec
Question 35
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What
would the student expect to see when examining this patient?
Signs of decreased cardiac output
Question 36
Selected Answer:
A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of
protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is
specific to this disorder?
More frequent blood glucose monitoring
Question 37
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the
professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)?
Anterior pituitary tumor
Question 38
Selected
Answer:
How do free radicals cause cell damage?
Stealing the cell's oxygen to stabilize the electron, thus
causing hypoxia
Question 39
A student studying biology asks the professor to describe how the ras gene is
involved in cancer proliferation. What explanation by the professor is best?
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1 out of 1 pointsSelected Answer: A mutation in this gene allows continuous cell growth.
Question 40
Selected Answer:
A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the
healthcare professional educate the patient on?
Antibiotic therapy
Question 41
Selected Answer:
A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare
professional assess for?
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Question 42
Selected
Answer:
A patient is in severe shock and is receiving vasopressin. A student asks the health
care professional to explain the rationale for this treatment. What response by the
professional is most accurate?
Antidiuretic hormone conserves fluid when urine output is
less than 20 mL/hr.
Question 43
Selected Answer:
A student is preparing to irrigate a patient's wound and gathers supplies, including
hydrogen peroxide. What response by the health care professional is best?
Tell the student to get some normal saline instead.
Question 44
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What
should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular
functioning?
Increased rate of falling and dizzy spells
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1 out of 1 pointsQuestion 45
Selected
Answer:
Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs
to describe the pericardium again?
The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that
encloses the heart.
Question 46
Selected Answer:
Where is two thirds of the body's water found?
Intracellular fluid compartments
Question 47
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the
professional assess for pulmonary emboli (PE) as the priority?
Deep venous thrombosis
Question 48
Selected Answer:
A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common
stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to
teach the patient when stone analysis has returned?
Increase water intake.
Question 49
Selected
Answer:
What is the inflammatory effect of nitric oxide (NO)?
Decreases mast cell function, and decreases platelet
aggregation
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1 out of 1 pointsQuestion 50
Selected
Answer:
What is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)?
Reduction in the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
receptors on cell surfaces
Question 51
Selected Answer:
During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by
shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
Potassium
Question 52
Selected Answer:
Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures?
Left ventricle
Question 53
Selected
Answer:
When endothelial cells are injured, what alteration contributes to atherosclerosis?
Cells are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating
cytokines.
Question 54
Selected Answer:
What is the cause of functional dysphagia?
Neural or muscular disorders
Question 55
A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory
values: arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and
ketones; serum potassium (K +) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na +) 130 mEq/L. The
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Answer:
patient reports that he has been sick with the flu for 1 week. What relationship do
these values have to his insulin deficiency?
Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the
intravascular to the intracellular space.
Question 56
Selected Answer:
What is one function of the tumor cell marker?
To screen individuals at high risk for cancer
Question 57
Selected
Answer:
A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity
reactions. What description by the professor is best?
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes or lymphokine-producing helper T 1
cells directly attack and destroy cellular targets.
Question 58
Selected Answer:
What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of
turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
Murmur heard on auscultation
Question 59
Selected Answer:
Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and
collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone
Question 60
A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute
rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best?
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Answer:
Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages,
and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the
transplanted tissue.
Question 61
Selected Answer:
What are blood pressure variations associated with?
The renin-angiotensin system's effect on vasoconstriction
Question 62
Selected
Answer:
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers.
What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review?
Gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure of the
mucosa to acid.
Question 63
Selected Answer:
Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?
Secondary
Question 64
Selected Answer:
An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein
is evident?
Alpha fetoprotein
Question 65
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar
ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to
consider?
Arterial blood gas shows a PaCO 2 of 44 mmHg.
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1 out of 1 pointsQuestion 66
Selected Answer:
What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging?
Arterial stiffening
Question 67
Selected Answer:
Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel?
Pulmonary veins
Question 68
Selected Answer:
A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare
professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum?
150 mg/dL
Question 69
Selected
Answer:
A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary
muscles. What response by the professional is best?
These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the
atrioventricular valves.
Question 70
Selected Answer: [None Given]
The healthcare professional explains to a student that the amount of volume of
blood in the heart is directly related to the _____ of contraction.
Question 71
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A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in
left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the
patient for?
Pulmonary edema
Question 72
Selected Answer:
What pathologic change occurs to the kidney's glomeruli as a result of
hypertension?
Ischemia of the tubule
Question 73
Selected
Answer:
A student asks why some vaccinations are given orally and some are given by
injection. What response by the professor is best?
Each route stimulates a different lymphocyte-containing tissue,
resulting in different types of cellular and humoral immunity.
Question 74
Selected Answer:
A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and
aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional
correlate to this behavior?
Magnesium 1.8 mg/dL
Question 75
Selected Answer:
A student asks the healthcare professional to describe exotoxins. Which statement
by the professional is best?
Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth.
Question 76
What are tumor cell markers?
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Answer:
Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are
produced by cancer cells
Question 77
Selected Answer:
The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the
hypothalamus being affected by what?
Bacterial endotoxin
Question 78
Selected Answer: [None Given]
A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional
states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?
Question 79
Selected Answer:
The student asks the professor to explain what characteristic is demonstrated by
lungs with decreased compliance?
Inability to diffuse oxygen
Question 80
Selected Answer:
The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which
cells?
Fibroblast cells
Question 81
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal
tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where
does this bifurcation occur?
Bronchi
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0 out of 1 pointsQuestion 82
Selected Answer:
Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and
ventilation by which mechanism?
Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli
Question 83
Selected Answer:
A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the
chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural
rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but
preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare
professional is the priority?
Assist with a chest tube insertion.
Question 84
Selected Answer: [None Given]
A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain.
Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the
material?
Question 85
Selected Answer:
People diagnosed with neurofibromatosis have varying degrees of the condition
because of which genetic principle?
Expressivity
Question 86
Selected Answer:
A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in
a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best?
Too little hormone production is initiated.
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Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of
beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get?
Hepatic function
Question 88
Selected Answer:
Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when
considering the antigen?
Complexity
Question 89
Selected Answer:
A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would
the healthcare professional associate with this condition?
High hemoglobin and hematocrit
Question 90
Selected
Answer:
Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant?
Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting
the ATP production.
Question 91
Selected Answer:
What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
Epinephrine
Question 92
Autocrine stimulation is the ability of cancer cells to do what?
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1 out of 1 pointsSelected Answer: Secrete growth factors that stimulate their own growth
Question 93
Selected Answer:
Neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane by binding to which
structure?
Receptors
Question 94
Selected Answer:
A healthcare provider notes that tapping the patient's facial nerve leads to lip
twitching. What electrolyte value is correlated with this finding?
Ca ++: 12.9 mg/dL
Question 95
Selected
Answer:
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure
within the cell occur?
An influx of glucose occurs through the injured cell
membranes.
Question 96
Selected Answer:
A female patient has been diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract
infection. What self-care measure does the healthcare provider teach the patient
that is specific to this type of infection?
After using the bathroom, wipe from front to back.
Question 97
Selected Answer:
A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations.
Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the
presentation?
Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms.
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Question 98
Selected Answer: [None Given]
A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the
healthcare professional teach this patient?
Question 99
Selected Answer: [None Given]
Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do
natural killer (NK) cells actively attack?
Question 100
Selected Answer: [None Given]
Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? [Show Less]