Genetics Final Exam (Final exam for Pittcock Genetics) Questions and Correct Answers (Verified by Expert).
What are deleterious genes and list one
... [Show More] example ✔✔ alleles whose phenotype results
in significantly reduced fitness of an animal; Dexter cattle - short legs
Genetics ✔✔ The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
Gregor Mendel is often referred to as ✔✔ "Father of Genetics"
What plant did Gregor Mendel study? ✔✔ peas
Why was Mendel more successful than other researchers? (what were they looking for
or at differently) ✔✔ 1. Picked easy organism to experiment
2. Picked plant that was diploid
3. Picked traits that were simply inherited
4. Mendel looked at traits separately
Define genetic improvement and list 3 examples ✔✔ The betterment of an organism;
1. bigger
2. smaller
3. faster
4. hairless
5. quicker weight gain
Who created the term "genetics?' ✔✔ William Batesone
What is a chromosome? ✔✔ a DNA molecule composed of RNA and proteins to form a
threadlike structure; only visible during meiosis and mitosis (contains the genes)
What is located on a chromosome? ✔✔ genes
What is the appearance of the structure of a DNA strand? ✔✔ double helix
Define DNA ✔✔ Genetic material makes up a gene and then makes up a chromosome
List the bases that make up DNA ✔✔ Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
What DNA bases are paired together? ✔✔ Adenine - Thymine
Cytosine - Guanine
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cattle ✔✔ Dominant - polled
Recessive - horned
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Chickens ✔✔ Dominant - feathered shanks
Recessive - clean shanks
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Horses ✔✔ Dominant - smooth hair
Recessive - curly hair
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Dogs ✔✔ Dominant - wire hair
Recessive - smooth hair
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Cats ✔✔ Dominant - short hair
Recessive - long hair
List one dominant trait and the corresponding recessive trait
Tomato ✔✔ Dominant - small fruit
Recessive - large fruit
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed color ✔✔ yellow, green
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower color ✔✔ purple, white
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Seed shape ✔✔ round, wrinkled
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod color ✔✔ green, yellow
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Pod shape ✔✔ inflated, constricted
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Flower position ✔✔ axial, terminal
List pairs of characteristics and the traits (specific phenotypes) of each trait Mendel
studied:
Plant height ✔✔ tall, dwarf
What is a testcross? ✔✔ A cross between an individual whose genotype at one or
more loci may be unknown and an individual who is homozygous recessive of the
genes in question
What is the genotype of the parental cross (in a monohybrid) for a testcross? ✔✔ G? x
gg
List the resulting phenotypic and genotypic ratios of a testcross ✔✔ Alternative 1 - PR
all have same phenotype of dominant trait; GR all have the same heterozygous
genotype Gg
Alternative 2 - PR 1:1 half have dominant trait and half recessive trait, GR 1:1 half
heterozygous, half homozygous recessive
What does a test cross hope to confirm about one of the parents? ✔✔ determine is the
unknown parent is homozygous dominant or heterozygous
What ratio does epistasis effect? ✔✔ phenotypic ratio
What generation does epistasis effect? ✔✔ F2
List 3 commonly affected ratios as a result of epistasis ✔✔ 13:3
9:6:1
12:3:1
If a plant is tall (TT) and is crossed with a plant that is short (tt), list the phenotype of the
F1 if the following dominance categories occur: ✔✔ Complete dominance: tall
Incomplete dominance: medium height
Codominance: some tall
What is polydactyly? ✔✔ having more than the normal number of fingers and/or toes
How many traits can be affected by one gene? ✔✔ one gene can affect one or more
traits. [Show Less]