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GENERAL ZOOLOGY
REVIEWER (CELL-TISSUES)
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
ZOOLOGY - studies members of the animal kingdom
and
... [Show More] animal life in general
KINGDOMS OF ORGANISMS
Plantae - eukaryote
Fungi - eukaryote
Protista - eukaryote
Eubacteria - prokaryote
Archaebacteria - prokaryote
Animals - eukaryote
BRANCHES OF ZOOLOGY
Morphology - size, shape, and structure
A. Anatomy - studies the body, how it is made up,
and how it works
B. Cytology - study of cells
C. Histology - study of tissues
D. Embryology - study of embryos and their
development
Physiology - functioning of living organisms, animal or
plat, and of the functioning of their constituent tissues or
cells
Genetics - study of heredity and genes
Ecology - study of the relationships between organisms
and their environment
Zoogeography - study of geographical distribution of
animal species
Evolution - study of origin of animals and their
adaptation
Paleozoologoy - study of fossils and extinct animals
Taxonomy - studies groups and formulates
nomenclature rules of animals on the basis of common
characteristics [naming/classifying]
Kingdoms
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genius
Species
Intertebrate Zoology
Protozology
Helminthology
Malacology
Entomology
Vertebrate Zoology
a) Ichthylogy
b) Herpetology
c) Ornithology
d) Mammalogy
REPTILES
- are cold-blooded (ectothermic) vertebrate tetrapods
-AMNIOTES
➢ Not dependant on water in order to reproduce
➢ Lay eggs surrounded by an extensive amniotic
membrane to facilitate gas exchange and waste
processing in a terrestrial environment
➢ Eggshell for protection
- undergo direct development that does not include an
aquatic larval stage
- use lungs to breath
- there are some reptiles that able to absorb oxygen
through their skin e.g. marine snake, musk turtle, green
lizard, and japanese tortoise
BIRDS
- warm-blooded (endothermic)
- egg-laying vertebrate tetrapods
- some are not capable of flight e.g. ostriches, and
penguins
MAMMALS
- warm-blooded (endothermic)
- vertebrate that differ in many ways from members of
other vertebrate classes
- have hair on their skin
- three bones in the middle ear
- four-chambered heart
- a region of the brain called neocortex
ATTRIBUTES OF LIVING THINGS
1. Definite form and structure
2. Definite chemical composition
3. Definite body organization
4. Growth
5. Metabolism
6. Reproduction
7. Irritability
8. Definite life span
9. Ability to adapt
ORGANIZATION OF ORGANISM
Atoms - chemical level
Cell - cellular level
Tissues - tissue level
Organs - organ level
Organ system - organ system level
11 os - organism
Sexual - gametes
Sex cells -egg and sperm cell
External fertilization - outside the female’s body
Internal fertilization - inside the female body
Respond to stimuli
CELL
Cell – the smallest functional and structural unit of living
organisms.
2 basic cell types:
Eukaryotic cell – with a true nucleus
Prokaryotic cell – lacks a nuclear envelope
The Generalized Cell and its major parts [Show Less]