intermolecular forces - ANS-forces of attraction between molecules
London dispersion forces - ANS-very weak interactions due to the momentary changes
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in electron density in a molecule
dipole-dipole forces - ANS-the attractive forces between the permanent dipoles of two
polar molecules
hydrogen bonding - ANS-Strongest intermolecular bond. Occurs when a hydrogen atom
is bonded to O, N, or and F atom
boiling point - ANS-The temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas
melting point - ANS-The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
specific heat - ANS-The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram
of a substance by 1 degree celcius
The larger the specific heat - ANS-the less its temperature will change
heat of fusion - ANS-The amount of energy needed to melt 1g of a substance
heat of vaporization - ANS-The amount of energy needed to vaporize 1g of a substance
heating curve - ANS-shows how a substance's temperature changes as heat is added
cooling curve - ANS-shows how a substance's temperature changes as heat is removed
physical change - ANS-A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the
identity of the substance
chemical change - ANS-A change that occurs when one or more substances change
into entirely new substances with different properties.
what do chemical reactions involve? - ANS-1. Breaking bonds in the reactants
2. Forming new bonds in the products
the law of conservation of mass - ANS-atoms cannot be created or destroyed in a
chemical reaction
what are coefficients in a chemical equations used for? - ANS-balancing the chemical
equation
avagodro's number - ANS-6.02 x 10^23
molar mass - ANS-the mass of one mole of a pure substance
oxidation - ANS-loss of electrons
reduction - ANS-gain of electrons
redox reaction - ANS-transfer of electrons from one element to another
reducing agent - ANS-Donates electrons and becomes oxidized.
oxidizing agent - ANS-Accepts electrons and becomes reduced.
delta h - ANS-the difference in energy between the reactants and the products
if delta H is negative, the reaction is - ANS-exothermic
If delta H is positive, the reaction is - ANS-endothermic
Increasing concentration of reactants - ANS-increases the number of collisions and
increases the reaction rate
increasing the temperature of the reaction - ANS-increases the average kinetic energy
of the molecules and increases the reaction rate
catalyst - ANS-substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Equilibrium - ANS-the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
if a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed - ANS-the system will react in a direction
that
solid - ANS-definite shape and volume; close together and little movement
liquid - ANS-no definite shape but has a definite volume; particles are arranged at
random or close together
gas - ANS-no definite shape or volume; particles move rapidly and randomly
what happens to gas particles when you increase the temperature? - ANS-kinetic
energy increases... [Show Less]