General Chemistry ACS Exam 40 Questions with Verified Answers
Chemistry - CORRECT ANSWER the study of matter, its properties, and the changes that
... [Show More] matter undergoes
matter - CORRECT ANSWER physical material of the universe
- anything that has mass and occupies space
property - CORRECT ANSWER any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types
element - CORRECT ANSWER combinations of substances in matter
atom - CORRECT ANSWER small building block of matter
- composition: kinds of atoms the matter contains
- structure: arrangement of atoms
molecule - CORRECT ANSWER 2+ atoms joined in specific shape
matter is characterized by... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. physical state
2. composition
gas - CORRECT ANSWER - no fixed volume/shape
- uniformly fills container
- can be compressed or expanded
liquid - CORRECT ANSWER - volume independent of container
- assumes shape of container
- not compressible
solid - CORRECT ANSWER - definite shape and volume
- not compressible
pure substance - CORRECT ANSWER matter that has distinct properties and a composition that doesn't vary from sample to sample
- element: cannot be decomposed into simpler substances
- compound: composed of 2+ elements
- mixture: combinations of 2+ substances; retains chemical identity
electrolysis - CORRECT ANSWER an electrical current passes through a substance and decomposes it into its component elements
mixture - CORRECT ANSWER composition can vary (components)
- heterogeneous mixture: vary in texture/appearance
- homogeneous mixture: uniform throughout (aka solution)
physical properties - CORRECT ANSWER observed without changing a substance's identity and composition
- color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness
chemical properties - CORRECT ANSWER the way a substance may react to form other substances
- flammability
intensive property - CORRECT ANSWER don't depend on amount of sample being examined
- temperature, melting point
extensive property - CORRECT ANSWER depend on amount of sample
- mass, volume
physical change - CORRECT ANSWER substance changes appearance but not composition
- ex: water evaporation
chemical change/reaction - CORRECT ANSWER substance is transformed into a chemically different substance
- ex: hydrogen burning in air
filtration - CORRECT ANSWER mixture of solid and liquid is poured through filter paper; liquid passes through, solid stays
distillation - CORRECT ANSWER depends on different abilities of substances to form gases
chromatography - CORRECT ANSWER depends on substance's ability to adhere to surfaces of solids
energy - CORRECT ANSWER the capacity to do work/transfer heat
work - CORRECT ANSWER the energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes displacement
heat - CORRECT ANSWER the energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase
force - CORRECT ANSWER any push/pull exerted on an object
work equation - CORRECT ANSWER w = Fd
- w: work
- F: force
- d: distance
kinetic energy - CORRECT ANSWER energy of motion
kinetic energy equation - CORRECT ANSWER Ek = 1/2 mv^2
- Ek: kinetic energy
- m: mass
- v: volume
potential energy - CORRECT ANSWER stored energy
metric system - CORRECT ANSWER units of scientific measurement
SI units - CORRECT ANSWER choice of standard metric units
mass - CORRECT ANSWER amount of material in an object
weight - CORRECT ANSWER force exerted on mass by gravity
temperature - CORRECT ANSWER hotness/coldness of an object
Kelvin equation - CORRECT ANSWER K = C + 273.15
- K: Kelvin
- C: Celsius
derived unit - CORRECT ANSWER multiplied/divided of base units
density - CORRECT ANSWER amount of mass in a unit volume of a substance
density equation - CORRECT ANSWER d = m/v
- d: density
- m: mass
- v: volume
joule - CORRECT ANSWER SI unit for energy
- 1cal = 4.184J [Show Less]