Gender: Cognitive Explanations - Gender
Schema Theory Questions And Answers A+
Grade
(GST) gender schema definition - ANS-organised set of beliefs and
... [Show More] expectations related
to gender derived from experience, guiding a person's understanding of their own
gender and gender-appropriate behaviour
(GST) theory - ANS-Martin & Halverson's cognitive-developmental theory; child's
understanding of gender changes with age / children actively structure their own
learning of gender rather than passively observing and imitating role models
contradicting the SLT
(GST) gender schema acquired with gender identity - ANS-schema = mental constructs
that develop from experience, used to organise our knowledge / gender schema contain
what we know in relation to gender and gender-appropriate behaviour
(GST) 2-3yrs - ANS-Martin & Halverson; once a child has established gender identity at
2-3yrs so begins to search the environment for info that encourages development of
gender schema, contrasting Kohlberg's theory of gender constancy which occurs at 7yrs
as GST is gradual and earlier development process
(GST) direct behaviour - ANS-over time gender-appropriate schema expand to inc
behaviours and personality traits based on stereotypes / schema direct behaviour, selfunderstanding and by 6yrs the child has acquired a fixed and stereotypical idea about
what is appropriate for gender
(GST) ingroups and outgroups - ANS-children's pay more attention to and have a better
understanding of the schema appropriate to their own gender; ingroup rather than of
opposite sex; outgroup / around 8 develop more sophisticated schemas for both
genders rather than just their own / ingroup identity bolster's self-esteem and often seen
as positive
(GST) evaluation - support - ANS-research supports the GST / Martin & Halverson's
study found that children younger than 8 better at remembering photos of genderconsistent behaviour than photos of gender-inconsistent behaviour when tested a week
later. tended to change the sex of person carrying out inconsistent activity supporting
that memory may be distorted to fit existing schemas / Martin & Little - children under 4
showed strong sex-typed behaviours and attitudes regardless of no signs of gender
stability and constancy / GST may be more valid than Kohlberg's theory
(GST) evaluation - gender beliefs - ANS-GST can explain young children's rigid gender
beliefs; theory can account for the fact that younger children tend to have fixed and rigid
attitudes / info conflicting with existing schema is ignored due to ingroup schema /
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