The challenge of natural hazards
Study Figure 1, a graph showing the deadliest natural disasters between
1990 and 2018.
Figure 1
0 50
... [Show More] 000
Earthquake
Iran, 2003
Earthquake
Iran, 1990
56 000 Heatwave
Russia, 2010
Heatwave
Central Europe, 2003
Earthquake
China, 2008
Earthquake
Pakistan, 2005
Cyclone
Bangladesh, 1991
Cyclone
Myanmar, 2008
159 000 Earthquake
Haiti, 2010
Earthquake
Indian Ocean, 2004
100 000 150 000
Number of deaths
200 000 250 000
220 000
139 000
140 000
26 200
40 000
70 000
84 000
88 000
0 1 . 1 Using Figure 1, which natural disaster caused the greatest number of deaths?
[1 mark]
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0 1 . 2 Using Figure 1, which one of the following statements is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A The two earthquakes in Iran caused 92 000 deaths.
B The cyclone in Bangladesh killed more people than the cyclone
in Myanmar.
C The two heatwaves in Central Europe and Russia resulted in
126 000 deaths.
D The earthquake in China killed more people than the earthquake
in Pakistan.
0 1 . 3 Explain how living in areas that are at risk from a tectonic hazard(s) may have both
advantages and disadvantages.
[6 marks]
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Do not write
outside the
box Study Figure 2, a map showing the tectonic plates in and around North America and
South America.
Figure 2
0 2000 km
N
Key
Plate margin
North
American
Plate
23½ °S
23½ °N
66½ °N
0 °
South
American
Nazca Plate
Plate
Pacific Plate
Eurasian Plate
Direction of plate movement
Earthquake zone
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic
Circle
Equator
X
Y
0 1 . 4 Using Figure 2, which one of the following statements is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A The Nazca Plate is moving towards the Pacific Plate.
B Earthquakes are found in long narrow zones along plate margins.
C Earthquakes are mainly found along the eastern sides of continents.
D The North American Plate is moving away from the Pacific Plate.
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0 1 . 5 Using Figure 2, name the type of plate margin at X.
[1 mark]
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0 1 . 6 Suggest why earthquakes and volcanic eruptions happen close to the plate margin
at Y.
Use Figure 2 and your own understanding.
[4 marks]
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0 1 . 7 State two ways that planning might help to reduce the damaging effects of an
earthquake or a volcanic eruption.
[2 marks]
1 _________________________________________________________________________________
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2 _________________________________________________________________________________
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Do not write
outside the
box Study Figure 3, a diagram showing the global pattern of air pressure and surface
winds.
Figure 3
0° Equator
High pressure
sinking air
High pressure
sinking air
High pressure
sinking air
High pressure
sinking air
Low pressure
rising air
Key
Rising air
Low pressure
rising air
Low pressure
rising air
30°N
60°N
30°S
60°S
90°S
90°N
Westerlies
Northeast trade winds
Polar easterlies
Sinking air
Surface wind
Polar easterlies
Westerlies
Southeast trade winds
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0 1 . 8 Using Figure 3, which one of the following statements is true?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A Air sinks at the Equator.
B The southeast trade winds blow from the Equator to 30º N and S.
C High pressure occurs where the air is sinking.
D Polar easterlies blow from 60º N and S towards the poles.
0 1 . 9 Using Figure 3, describe the link between air pressure and surface winds.
[2 marks]
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0 1 . 1 0 Suggest why areas close to the Equator usually have high rainfall.
Use Figure 3 and your own understanding.
[2 marks]
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Question 1 continues on the next page
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Do not write
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box Study Figure 4, photographs showing some causes of climate change.
Figure 4
0 1 . 1 1 To what extent is climate change the result of human actions?
Use Figure 4 and your own understanding.
[9 marks]
[+ 3 SPaG marks]
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End of Section A
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(10)
Section B The living world
Answer all questions in this section.
Question 2 The living world
0 2 . 1 Which one of the following phrases defines the term biodiversity?
Shade one circle only.
[1 mark]
A How living things affect each other and the environment.
B The number and types of plants and animals that live in an area.
C Energy flows between living things when they eat or are eaten.
D How plants and animals are adapted to their habitats. [Show Less]