1. A nurse working with clients at or below the poverty level recognizes that the life
expectancy of these clients is lower than the general population
... [Show More] because of: (select all that4
apply.)
1 Inadequate nutritional diets
2 High-risk work environments
3 Hazardous living environments
4 Addictive and abusive lifestyles
5 Predisposition to chronic diseases
6 Ineffective decision making abilities
ANS: 1, 2, 3, 4
People who live in poverty are more likely to live in hazardous environments, work at high-risk
jobs, eat less nutritious diets, abuse substances, and have multiple stressors in their life. When
researchers compared the life expectancies of European Americans and African-Americans, the
causes of the differences were related to low socioeconomic status rather than ethnicity.
Predisposition to chronic disease in part is genetic in nature and research has confirmed no such
link between poverty and chronic disease. Decision-making ability is not the only factor
affecting decision making. Poverty negatively affects the individuals ability to access recourses
and adds stressors such as finding shelter that can alter the decision-making process.
Chapter 4. Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
MULTIPLE CHOICE
4 Concepts or propositions that project a systematic view of
phenomena
1 Mental formulations of objects or events
1. In preparing to review different theories, the nurse reviews basic information to assist
in understanding the material. Theories are defined as:
ANS: 4
A theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships,
m
and assumptions that project a systematic
view of phenomena.
Mental formulations of objects or events are called concepts.
Aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed are called phenomena.
Statements that describe concepts or connect concepts are called assumptions.
DIF: A REF: 46 OBJ: Knowledge
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. There are different types of theoriesthat may be used by nurses seeking to study the basis of
nursing practice. When the goal of a theory is to speculate on why phenomena occur, it is
termed a:
1 Grand theory
2 Prescriptive theory
3 Descriptive theory
4 Middle range theory
ANS: 3
Descriptive theories describe phenomena, speculate on why phenomena occur, and describe the
consequences of phenomena.
Grand theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing.
Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions and predict the consequence of a specific
nursing intervention.
Middle range theories address specific phenomena or concepts and reflect practice.
DIF: A REF: 47 OBJ: Knowledge
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX test plan designation: Health Promotion and Maintenance [Show Less]