Nephrons - ANSWER-Functional unit of the kidneys
Nephrons are composed of? - ANSWER-The glomerulus (tangled cluster of capillaries surrounded by the
... [Show More] bowmans capsule) and the tubules
Kidneys help maintain good health because - ANSWER-They filter fluid, waste, and extra electrolytes from capillaires into the tubules
4 functions of the kidney - ANSWER-Excretory, regulatory, filtration and endocrine
Excretory function of the kidney - ANSWER-Kidneys rid the body of waste products and excess fluid and electrolytes
Uremia is - ANSWER-A build up of waste products in the blood
Regulatory function of the kidney - ANSWER-Maintain acid/base balance. Fluid balance and electrolyte balance
Filtration function of the kidney - ANSWER-Nephrons retain some things and filter out and reabsorb others
Endocrine function of the kidney - ANSWER-Kidneys produce hormomes one is renin which constricts blood vessels reulting in increasing BP, erythropoitentin signals bone marrie tonprosuce RBC kidneys also convert the storage form of VIT D, VIT D helps ansorbe calcium from the gut
The #1 cause of CRF - ANSWER-Diabetes
The #2 cause of CRF - ANSWER-Hypertension
Stage 5 renal failure - ANSWER-Has only 10-15% kidney function left
Renal failure effects on the digestive system - ANSWER-Uremian causes N/V diarrhea loss of appetite
Renal failure effects on the skin - ANSWER-Dry itchy darkened
Renal failure effects on the cardiovascular - ANSWER-K causes muscle weakness including heart weakness which can lead to arrhytmias cardiac arrest and death fluid can cause increasesd BP and edema
Renal failure effects on the skeletal system - ANSWER-With calcitriol there is decreased ansorption id calcium from the gut. The parathyroid hormone also rises as a result. In order to keep blood calcium in normal range calcium is taken from the bones (dut to high PTH) vausing weak and brittel bones. Calcium then combines with phosphorus and is deposited in sodt tissues
Renal failure effects on the lung - ANSWER-Fluid in lungs causes SOB and also puts PT at risk for pulmonary infection
3 types of renal replacement - ANSWER-Peritoneal dialysis
Hemodiaysis
Tramsplant
Safe levels of total chlorine for patinets - ANSWER-0.00-0.09
15 minutes - ANSWER-Length of time the RO has to run for samples to be obtained for total chlorine testing
AAMI - ANSWER-Association for the advancement of medical instrumentation
0.10ppm - ANSWER-Action level for total chlorine which necessitates taking corrective measures to restore water to the safe range
Adsorption - ANSWER-To attract or hold on to a surface, the binding of chlorine and chloramine molecules to the activated carbon surface
Alternate water supply - ANSWER-A plan approved by the medical director and provides instructions for the facility should the municipal water supply should be interupted
Backflow prevention device - ANSWER-Keeps water from flowing backwards into the incoming water supply
Backwashing - ANSWER-Forcing water backwards through a filter can be used to remove clogs from sediment filters
Bicarbonate - ANSWER-A buffer, used to neutralize acids that form when the body breaks down protein and other foods. Dialysis patients have low levels of bicarb
Bicarb mixer - ANSWER-Device to mix bicarb solution. Used in facilities that use jugs and do not have an SDS SYSTEM
Booster pump - ANSWER-Used to increase pressure in the system should the pressure drop
Breakthrough - ANSWER-Test results after first carbon filter indicates a level of chlorine .1 or higher
Brine tank - ANSWER-Concentrated saline solution
CFU - ANSWER-colony forming units
Carbon tank - ANSWER-Contain granular activated carbon that adsorbs low molecular weight particles from water. Removes chlorine and chloramines
Chemical feed system - ANSWER-Used to lower feed water PH in areas where that is a problem
Chlorine and chloramines - ANSWER-Harmful to patients must be removed from water can cause hemolysis
Conductivity - ANSWER-Ability of a fluid to transfer electrical charge
Deionization tank - ANSWER-DI emergency backup to the RO tanks are brought in from outside uses beds of resins to remove ions from the water
Direct feed - ANSWER-System that does not have a holding tank used in acute and home treatment
EBCT - ANSWER-Empty bed contact time is the length of time the water must stay in contact with the carbon AAMI standard is 10 minutes but Fresinious is 12 minutes
Feed water - ANSWER-Tap water before treatment
Fill volume - ANSWER-QTY of treated water plus the number of bags of acid base powder required to produce total volume of acid base concentrate as stated by the manufacturer
Bun normal range - ANSWER-6-19 range for dialysis patients pre to 60-100
NA normal range - ANSWER-133-145
K+ normal range - ANSWER-Pretx 3-6 hyperkaliemia is usually diet related
Ca+ normal range - ANSWER-8.4-10.2
Filters - ANSWER-Devices that remove particles dilutes and other substances of a given size by passing them through holes of various sizes
Frequency of routine total chlorine testing - ANSWER-Prior to first treatment and not to exceed every 4 hours
Granuflo - ANSWER-Powdered acid concentrate or liquid acid concentrate after reconstitution
Have pocket colorimeter - ANSWER-Used to test total chlorine
Head tanks - ANSWER-Used in Gravity feed solutions delivery systems
HMIS - ANSWER-Hazard materials identification system. Permanent labeling requirements onSDS systems
Hydrometer - ANSWER-Device that measures specific gravity
IFU - ANSWER-indicates instructions for use
Indirect feed - ANSWER-System that has a holding tank
Initial volume - ANSWER-Qty of treated water in the mix tank prior to addition of bicarb
Ion exchange - ANSWER-Process occurs inside a deionizer for water treatment calcium and magnesium are removed and hydrogen is added
Hardness water checks are performed - ANSWER-1st and last of the day hardness less of less than 10 is needed
Membrane filters - ANSWER-Removes small particles and some solutes
Microns - ANSWER-Unit of measure for filter spores
Percent rejection - ANSWER-Provides how effective the RO system is 80% is the limit and must have action taken to correct problems
Phonex meter - ANSWER-Device used to verify conductivity and PH IN THE DIALYSATE [Show Less]