Foundations of Mental Health Care 8th Edition by Morrison-Valfre Test Bank
Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
... [Show More] The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul
could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:
a.
Freud
b.
Pinel
c.
Fisher
d.
Rush
ANS: A
Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the
personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as
human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared
for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book Diseases of the Mind.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 4
OBJ: 2 TOP: Early Years of Mental Health
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
2. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately
recorded by professionals. This practice led to behaviors.
a.
Classifications
b.
Diagnosing
c.
Treatment
d.
Education
ANS: A
for different abnormal
Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate
recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding
mental health disorders were not available during this period.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 3 TOP: Mental Illness During the Renaissance
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
3. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and
inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:
a.
Dix
b.
Beers
c.
Pinel
d.
Carter
ANS: C
Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix
crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book A Mind That
Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in
1978.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 5
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
4. In 1841,
surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United
States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the
care of the mentally ill.
a.
Sigmund Freud
b.
John Cade
c.
Florence Nightingale
d.
Dorothea Dix
ANS: DDorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is
credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of
psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and
Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
5. As a direct result of Clifford
N
B
U
ee
R
rs
S
’
I
wo
N
r
G
k
T
an
B
d
.
b
C
oo
O
k
M
, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental
Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:
a.
Early detection of symptoms of mental illness
b.
Education of caregivers
c.
Current treatment options
d.
Removing the stigma attached to mental illness
ANS: D
Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received
for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people
throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness.
Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental
illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 4 TOP: Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
6. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that
could last as long as 50 hours?
a.
Electroconvulsive therapy
b.
Insulin therapy
c.
Humoral therapy
d.
Amphetamine therapy
ANS: B
Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines
were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral
therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from
an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
7. In the 1930s, what mental health disorder was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) most often used to
treat?
a.
Schizophrenia
b.
Bipolar disorder
c.
Severe depression
d.
Violent behavior
ANS: C
ECT was found to be an effective treatment for severe depression in the 1930s. During this period,
schizophrenia was treated with insulin therapy, and violent behavior was treated with a lobotomy. In
1949, lithium carbonate was discovered as a treatment for bipolar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental He alth Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: A
N
ssessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
U
R
S
I
N
G
T
B.C
O
M
8. In the early twentieth century, a frontal lobotomy was a common treatment for violent behaviors.
Which description of this procedure is accurate?
a.
A procedure that delivers an electrical stimulus to the frontal lobes of the brain
b.
A surgical procedure that drills holes in the front of the skull to drain fluid
c.
A surgical procedure that severs the frontal lobes of the brain from the thalamus
d.
A surgical procedure that inserts implants into the frontal lobes of the brain
ANS: C
A frontal lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the frontal lobes of the brain are severed from the
thalamus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
9. Which class of drugs was introduced in the 1930s for the treatment of depression?
a.
SSRIs
b.
Tricyclic antidepressants
c.
MAOIs
d.
Amphetamines
ANS: D
In the 1930s, amphetamines were found to boost the spirits of depressed people. SSRIs, tricyclic
antidepressants, and MAOIs are antidepressant agents, but they were not discovered until much later.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
10. In 1937, Congress passed the Hill-Burton Act, which was significant for the treatment of mental
health because it funded:
a.
Research on drugs for the treatment of mental health disorders
b.
Training of mental health professionals
c.
Construction of psychiatric units in facilities throughout North America
d.
Development of community mental health clinics
ANS: C
The Hill-Burton Act provided money for the construction of psychiatric units in the United States.
Research on drugs was not a part of the Hill-Burton Act. Training of mental health professionals was
funded by the National Mental Health Act of 1946, and community mental health centers were not
instituted until the 1960s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
11. The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided a means for funding of programs that promote
research on mental health and:
a.
Development of mental h
N
ea
U
lt
R
h
S
cl
I
in
N
ic
G
s
T
in
B
th
.
e
C
co
b.
Training of mental health professionals
O
m
M
munity
c.
Treatment for veterans suffering from mental health disorders
d.
Educating the public about mental illness
ANS: B
The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided much needed training for individuals who cared for
patients with mental health disorders. Community mental health clinics were initiated in the 1960s,
treatment for veterans was not funded by this act, and education of the public occurred later.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 | 9 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
12. Which of the following best describes the disorder that was first recognized in veterans following the
Korean and Vietnam Wars?
a.
Depression
b.
Bipolar disorder
c.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
d.
Paranoid schizophrenic disorder
ANS: C
Posttraumatic stress disorder was initially discovered in veterans who had been involved in armed
conflicts. The other disorders also occur in veterans but were not first recognized in soldiers who were
fighting wars.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 6
OBJ: 5 TOP: Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
13. The introduction of mentally ill
individuals.
a.
Psychotherapeutic drugs
in the 1950s led to the deinstitutionalization of many
b.
Community mental health clinics
c.
Residential treatment centers
d.
State mental health facilities
ANS: A
Psychotherapeutic drugs allowed for better control of behaviors than did other therapies alone during
the 1950s. Patients were being released from state mental health facilities as a result of
psychotherapeutic drug therapy. Community mental health clinics and residential treatment centers
resulted from the deinstitutionalization of patients.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
14. In 1949, an Australian physician discovered which therapy to be an effective treatment for bipolar
(manic-depressive) illness?
a.
Insulin therapy
b.
Water/ice therapy
c.
Lithium carbonate therapy
d.
Electroconvulsive therapy
ANS: C
To this day, lithium is a treatment that is used to effectively balance the manic states and depressive
states of bipolar disorder. None of the other therapies listed are effective for bipolar disorder.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 6 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
15. In the early 1960s, a committee appointed by President John F. Kennedy recommended the
development of a new approach to the way mental health care was administered, with an emphasis on
the introduction of:
a.
Psychotherapeutic drugs
b.
State mental health care systems
c.
Community mental health centers
d.
Deinstitutionalization of patients
ANS: C
The emergence of community mental health centers was necessary, in part because of the massive
deinstitutionalization of patients from state mental health care facilities after the introduction of
psychotherapeutic drugs in the 1950s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 7 TOP: Introduction of Psychotherapeutic Drugs
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
16. The Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 was one of the most progressive mental health bills in the
history of the United States, but its enactment was interrupted by the:
a.
Election of a new president
b.
Appointment of a new Surgeon General
c.
Rapid expansion of community centers
d.
National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) surveys
ANS: A
The election of a new president and his administration led to drastic cuts in federal funding for mental
health programs. None of the other three choices were a part of the Mental Health Systems Act of
1980.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 7
OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
17. The Omnibus Budget Reform Act (OBRA) of 1987 prevented the housing of people with chronic
mental illness in:
a.
Nursing homes
b.
State mental health facilities
c.
Residential treatment centers
d.
Homeless shelters
ANS: A
Many mentally ill, especially elderly, people were inappropriately placed in nursing homes with
personnel who were not trained to care for these people. OBRA prevented this practice. State mental
health facilities, residential treatment centers, and homeless shelters were not addressed in the OBRA
of 1987.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 8
OBJ: 9 TOP: Congressional Actions
KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
18. In the late 1980s, government funding for mental health care dwindled, and most insurance companies
coverage for psychiatric care.
a.
Withdrew
b.
Increased
c.
Decreased
d.
Added
ANS: A
Unfortunately, insurance companies followed the trend of the national government to the point of
actually dropping coverage for psychiatric care. [Show Less]