CHAPTER1:
ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
1. Which change represents the primary impetus for the end of the era of the female lay healer?
2. The beginning
... [Show More] of modern nursing is traditionally considered to have begun with which event?
3. In 1910, which factors most significantly influenced the midwifery profession? Select all that apply.
4. Which advanced practice nursing role is unique in that the practitioners view their role as comprising a combination of two distinct disciplines?
Answer: 4
Page: 9
1. In the 19th century, which factors led to the administration of anesthesia by nurses?
Select all that apply.
nurses. By contrast, contentiousness is a hallmark of the relationship between nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists even in the present day. In the 19th century, anesthesia was in its early stages. Administration of anesthesia by nurses occurred primarily because of anesthesiology’s lack of recognition as a
medical specialty and the surgeon’s entitlement to collecting anesthesia fees.
3. This is correct. In the 19th century, anesthesia was in its early stages. Because of a lack of recognition as a medical specialty and the surgeon’s entitlement to collecting anesthesia fees, other physicians had little to no interest in anesthesia administration. However, physicians were not opposed to administering anesthesia; rather, anesthesia was viewed as a means by which to transform surgery into a scientific approach to treating with health alterations. Collaboration between physicians and nurses did not contribute to administration of anesthesia by nurses; contentiousness is a hallmark of the relationship between nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists even in the present day. In the 19th century, no national organization of nurse anesthetists yet existed. The National Association of Nurse Anesthetists, which was renamed the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA),
was founded in 1931.
4. This is incorrect. In the 19th century, anesthesia was in its early stages. Physicians were in favor of the administration of anesthesia, viewing this advancement as a means by which to transform surgery into a scientific modality for treating health alterations. Because of a lack of recognition as a medical specialty and the surgeon’s entitlement to collecting anesthesia fees, other physicians had little to no interest in anesthesia administration. As such,
the administration of anesthesia was assigned to nurses.
5. This is incorrect. The National Association of Nurse Anesthetists, which was renamed the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA), was founded in 1931. In the 19th century, anesthesia was in its early stages.
Because of a lack of recognition as a medical specialty and the surgeon’s entitlement to collecting anesthesia fees, other physicians had little to no interest in anesthesia administration. Thus, anesthesia administration was
performed by nurses.
1. Which factor contributed to expansion of the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) during the 1960s?
1. Increased numbers of practicing physicians
2. Tightening of female role definitions
3. Return of nurses from military conflict
4. Lack of medical specialization
Answer: 3
Page: 17
Feedback
1. This is incorrect. During the 1960s, a shortage of physicians occurred. The role of the CNS was expanded in part because of the return of nurses from the Vietnam War. Nurse veterans searched for opportunities to increase their knowledge and skills, and practiced in advanced roles as well as
nontraditional specialties (such as anesthesia and trauma or anesthesia).
2. This is incorrect. During the 1960s, role definitions for women became less restrictive. The role of the CNS was expanded in part because of the return of nurses from the Vietnam War. Nurse veterans searched for opportunities to increase their knowledge and skills, and practiced in advanced roles as well as
nontraditional specialties (such as anesthesia and trauma or anesthesia).
3. This is correct. Expansion of the CNS role during the 1960s occurred in part because of the return of nurse veterans from the Vietnam War who sought to increase their knowledge and skills, and to work in advanced roles and
nontraditional fields, such as anesthesia and trauma.
4. This is incorrect. In the 1960s, medical specialization was prevalent, and the need for competent nurses who were proficient at caring for patients with complex health needs increased. Thus, the CNS role expanded. The role of the CNS also expanded because of the return of nurses from the Vietnam War.
Many of these nurse veterans searched for opportunities to increase their knowledge and skills, and practiced in advanced roles as well as
nontraditional specialties (such as anesthesia and trauma or anesthesia).
7. Differentiation between the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and the nurse practitioner (NP) is primarily based on which premise?
1. Designation as an advanced practice nurse
2. Diagnosis of patient health conditions
3. Nature of practice setting environments
4. Authority to prescribe medications
Answer: 3
Pages: 20–21
Feedback
1. This is incorrect. Both the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and the nurse practitioner (NP) are designated as advanced practice nurses (APNs). A primary differentiation between the roles of CNS and NP centers on the nature of the practice setting. Although the CNS most often practices in a secondary or tertiary care setting, the NP often practices in a primary care
setting.
2. This is incorrect. Both the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and the nurse practitioner (NP) are prepared to diagnose patient health alterations. A
primary differentiation between the roles of CNS and NP centers on the [Show Less]