in a slightly negative pressure (compared to the atmosphere) and air rushesin.True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative
... [Show More] pressure.Correct ans-True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuumbecause they are expanding the volume of the container. This increase involume causes influx of air into the container until the pressure is equalizedwith the atmosphere.True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura linesthe lungs. The space between is called the anterior pleura.Correct ans-False: the visceral pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the bodycavity and the pleural space is the space in between both where body fluidallows for both to smoothly glide.What muscles are involved in inhalation?Correct ans-Thediaphragm, cervical muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscles, andpectoral muscles.What muscles are involved in expiration?Correct ans-none,expiration (if done passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the diaphragm.What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decreaseRR?)Correct ans-The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitiveto CO2. When there is too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feedback to the medulla oblongata, which stimulates the phrenic nerve whichinnervates the diaphragm. They cause an increase in activity of thediaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to increase tidal volume.This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to normal.We also have the less sensitive hypoxic driveWhat is hypoxic drive?Correct ans-Backup system to controlrespiration. Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, and carotid arteries. But they are"satisfied" by a small amount of O2, which means it is not as sensitive as pHcontrol of CO2What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration?Correct ans-medulla-controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern forrespirations, and stimulates diaphragm to contract.pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both.True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillariesCorrect ans-True in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bringblood away from the heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the
pulmonary arteries bring oxygen poor blood away from the heart, to thelungs to be oxygenated.What is the tidal volume?Correct ans-amount of air moved in/out oflungs in single breath. Usually 500 ml in adultWhat is inspiratory reserve volume?Correct ans-Deepest breath youcan take after normal respirationWhat is expiratory reserve volume/Vital Capacity?Correct ans-maximum amount you can breathe out after normal breath.What is residual volume?Correct ans-Remaining gas in lungs afterexhalation. This is to keep lungs inflatedWhat is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space?Correct ans-Part of respiratory system not involved in active respiration.Air moves through here but little to no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea,bronchi and bronchioles considered dead spaceWhat is minute volume? What does it measure?Correct ans-Minutevolume = RR x tidal volume. Volume of air moving through lungs in 1 minute.Can be estimated quickly. Count RR rate. If normal check to see chest riseand fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and fall is weak and/or little air comingout of nose, then the person has small minute volume.Alveolar Minute VolumeCorrect ans-Volume of air moved throughlungs in 1 minute minus the dead space. Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidalvolume - dead space) x RRAlveolar VentilationCorrect ans-Volume of air that reaches alveoli.Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead spaceName the characteristics of normal breathingCorrect [Show Less]