Final Exam Concept Guide
Know the Etiology, Signs/Symptoms, Diagnosis/Diagnostics, Clinical Manifestation, Risks, Treatment and Complications for the
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▪ Gastritis
Gastritis – inflammation of the stomach lining
Acute Gastritis – (just acquired) ingestion of toxins, alcohol, aspirin or other irritating substances
Chronic- 2 months to become chronic
Triggers of Gastritis: Alcohol, caffeine, autoimmune disease, viral or bacteria Chronic Gastritis: H Pylori is always a factor
H Pylori goes very deep in the lining of the stomach and It causes persistent inflammation
S/S: N/V – Anorexia- postcranial discomfort
Post Cranial Discomfort- after eating- goes away and come back 1-2 hrs Gastritis- hematemesis- blood in the vomit- coffee brown color
Treatment: Treat H pylori treat GERD, change lifestyle, PPI
▪ Peptic Ulcer Disease
Inflammation and ulceration in the stomach (acid and pepsin) Gastric: stomach location
Duodenal: duodenal location PUD is a complication of Gastritis
PUD is caused by aspirin, H pylori, Nsaids, Stress, Smoking S/S Gastric N/V Anorexia Chest discomfort, asymptotic, Dyspepsia
Duodenal – normal weight
Biggest complication of PUD- GI bleeding due to Ulcer perforation- hole in the lining and bleed
It is life-threatening if it keep bleeding (Anemic, electrolytes imbalance (losing volume) Duodenal – Blood in the stool – black and tarry
Bleeding profusely-frank with cloth Hematemesis- Bleeding in vomiting
Treatment: Cortery of perforation, treatment of H. pylori, PPI, Cessation of smoking
▪ Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s the difference in the complications Complication in UC Malnutrition – dehydration, increased risk factor of colon cancer 7-10 yrs, rarely in megacolon
Complication of Chron- Fistulas, perianal fissures, abscesses. The risk of colorectal cancer
▪ Bowel Obstruction Manifestations
Obstructions in the jejunal area: Vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte depletion Obstructions of the distal portion of the small bowl or ileum, dehydration to hypovolemic schock
Obstructions of the colon: Massive gas distention
Blockage of the colon by a tumor is the most common cause of colonic obstruction and perforation of the bowel wall adjacent to the tumor.
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