Sport and Exercise Psychology - ANSWER The scientific study of human behavior in sport and exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge
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... [Show More] roles of sport psychologists - ANSWER -Research (plan, design, implement, and evaluate research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
2 major types of questions in the field? - ANSWER -Understanding the effects of psychological factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological development, health, and well-being
What does B= f(P,E) mean? - ANSWER Behavior is a function of both the person and his/her environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
Who are the main historical figures? What did they do? - ANSWER --Norman Triplett: key figure in history of social, sport, and exercise psychology; studied social facilitation of bikers; tested whether bikers rode faster when in groups than alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research articles
6 periods of sports psychology - ANSWER --Early years(1895-1920): characterized by isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place; Coleman Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology became a valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
--Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice, characterized by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide, considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? - ANSWER
-Common sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick; limitations= not based on experience or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative; limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations= reductionistic, slow to evolve
4 steps of scientific method? - ANSWER -Develop the problem (what is the purpose; independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
Identify the IV and DV in the following statement: do 8 year old gymnasts learn new vaults faster if they are exposed to mastery versus coping models? - ANSWER IV: Mastery vs. coping models
DV: speed of learning
What is a theory? - ANSWER a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained
What is personality? - ANSWER That pattern of characteristics thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguishes one person from another and that persists over time and situations
Explain the difference b/t internal psychological core, typical responses, and role-related behavior in Hollander's model of personality - ANSWER --Internal psychological core: basic level, values, interests, motives, etc.
--Typical responses: ways we learn to adjust to the environment, how we usually respond to the world around us
--Role-related behavior: most changeable aspect of personality; different situations elicit different behaviors
Name the 5 big traits. What is the iceberg profile? - ANSWER --Openness to experience
--Conscientiousness
--Extraversion/Introversion
--Agreeableness
--Neuroticism (emotionality)
--Iceberg profile= a visual representation of desirable emotional health status characterized by low raw scores on the tension, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion.
Describe the trait approach to personality. Why are traits a poor predictor of behavior on their own? - ANSWER Traits are:
--Consistent= therefore we expect behavior (and thoughts and emotions) to be similar from one situation to the next [Show Less]