D. The region of the anterior crease between thigh and abdomen
Answer is C: Here the popliteal artery and popliteus tendon may be located. Choice A
... [Show More] refers to orbital; B refers to antecubital; D refers to inguinal.
37. Which region of the body is known as the acromial region?
A. The elbow region
B. The heel region
C. The medial ankle region
D. The shoulder region
Answer is D: The superior part of the shoulder at the distal end of the clavicle is known as acromial. Here the acromion of the scapula articulates with the clavicle at the “ac” or acromioclavicular joint. Choice A is the olecranal region; B the calca- neal; C (the medial malleolus) is not usually ascribed a region name.
38. What are the terms cortex and medulla used to describe?
A. The cortex is the outer part of an organ or bone, while the medulla is the inner part.
B. The cortex is the inner part of an organ or bone, while the medulla is the outer part.
C. The cortex is the deeper part of an organ or bone, while the medulla is the more superficial part.
D. The medulla refers to the fibrous capsule around an organ, while the cortex is the tissue of an organ.
Answer is A: The cortex of the kidney, for example, is the deep, inner part, while the cortex is the more superficial, outer part.
39. What is meant by the term flexion (or to flex)?
A. Flexion is where the angle between two long bones is decreased by muscle action.
B. Flexion is an action performed to stretch (extend) a muscle.
C. Flexion is where the angle between two long bones is increased by muscle action.
D. Flexion is caused by the action of contracting a muscle.
Answer is A: To flex an arm is to decrease the angle between the humerus and radius (by contracting the biceps brachii). Choice D is wrong as contracting the triceps brachii causes extension of the forearm.
10 1 Organisation of the Body
40. To what movement is the term “extension” applied?
A. Extension is where the angle between two long bones is decreased by mus- cle action.
B. Extension is an action performed to stretch (extend) a muscle.
C. Extension is where the angle between two long bones is increased by mus- cle action.
D. Extension occurs when an antagonistic muscle is allowed to contract.
Answer is C: To extend a body part is to increase the angle between the moving bone and the stationary bone. For example, when the fingers of a clenched fist are allowed to straighten, the angle between the proximal phalanges and the metacar- pals increases.
41. What exists in the “potential space” between the visceral and parietal layers of a membrane?
A. Serous fluid
B. Nothing
C. Air
D. Synovial fluid
Answer is A: Serous membranes have a deeper visceral layer and a more superficial parietal layer. Between them is a small amount of serous fluid to lubricate their movement past each other.
42. One of the images taken for mammography of the compressed breast is known as “cranio-caudal”. What direction is this?
A. Compression from the medial and lateral sides.
B. A left to right (sideways) view.
C. The breast is flattened against the rib cage for imaging.
D. When standing, the breast is compressed from above and below.
Answer is D: From above (the cranial direction) and below (the caudal, or tail direction).
43. What part of the body is known as the popliteal region?
A. The fold of the knee
B. The fold of the elbow
C. The area around the ears
D. The medial sides of the ankles
Answer is A: Behind the knee, opposite to the patella is the popliteal region. Here the popliteal pulse and popliteus tendon are found.
Chapter 2
Cells and Tissues
2.1 Cells and Tissues
Cells are composed of their cytoplasm, which includes the cytosol and organelles, the nucleus and the surrounding plasma membrane. You should know that the plasma membrane is a double layer of phospholipid molecules and that these mol- ecules have a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end. The plasma membrane con- tains proteins including the ATPase (the sodium-potassium pump) which moves sodium ions out of the cell while moving potassium ions into the cell. Other proteins act as receptors and as pores or gateways into the cell. You should know the names and function of some of the organelles within cells. For example, you should know that mitochondria produce ATP and that ribosomes synthesise proteins from amino acids.
You will become familiar with the names of many cells. Often a word can be recognised as the name of a cell because it ends in “-cyte” or, if it is an immature cell, by ending in “-blast”. Four major types of tissue are identified in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle and neural tissues. Of course there are many subtypes within these categories. For example, epithelial tissue may be squamous, cuboidal, columnar or glandular. Muscle may be skeletal, smooth or cardiac. Connective tis- sue is quite varied, and you should be aware of the many different examples of tis- sue that are categorised as “connective”. For example, blood, bone, dermis, cartilage and tendon are all connective tissues.
1. Which structure within the cell produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?
A. The mitochondria
B. The nucleus
C. Peripheral proteins
D. The endoplasmic reticulum
Answer is A: This is a basic function of mitochondria. All other answers are wrong.
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 11
M. Caon, Examination Questions and Answers in Basic Anatomy and Physiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75599-1_2 [Show Less]