Why is Brain Injury considered the silent epidemic? - Answer Many problems that result from a brain injury are not always readily apparent.
a. The
... [Show More] effects of the brain injury (BI), such as changes in thinking, may not be readily apparent to an outside observer
b. Negative consequences occur when the general public and medical providers do not recognize the effect of BI:
i. Problems at work/ school
ii. Changes in personal relationships
iii. Legal problems
iv. Homelessness
True or False?
Brain Injury is frequently not identified. - Answer True
Define Acquired Brain Injury - Answer An injury to the brain that is not hereditary, congenital, degenerative, or induced by birth trauma
Acquired brain injury is an umbrella definition as it includes injuries caused by both __________ and __________ factors - Answer external; internal
Match the following ABI with its cause:
Traumatic Impact- Open & Closed
Causes (bank):
Blast Assault GSW Hypoxia/ anoxia Fall Stabbing Ischemia Neurotoxic poisoning
MVC Sports Tumor Infection CVA - Answer Open: GSW, stabbing, fall, sports, MVC
Closed: Blast, Assault, Fall, Sports, MVC
Match the following ABI with its cause:
Traumatic Internal: (3) - Answer Sports, MVC, Fall
Match the following ABI with its cause:
Non-Tramatic
Causes (bank):
Blast Assault GSW Hypoxia/ anoxia Fall Stabbing Ischemia Neurotoxic poisoning
MVC Sports Tumor Infection CVA - Answer Tumor, infection, CVA, hypoxia/anoxia, ischemia, neurotoxic poisoning.
True or False?
The importance of understanding the epidemiology of a brain injury assists in passing legislation. - Answer True
True or False?
83% of all TBI's are mild - Answer False, 75%
True or False?
After the first brain injury, a person is 3x more likely to have another brain injury and 10x more likely after a second to have a third. - Answer False, 8x
Falls are the highest rate of TBI's in what age range? - Answer 0-4 y/o (50% of all TBIs)
65+ y/o (61% of all TBIs)
Highest rate of TBIs from firearms are in what age ranges? - Answer 20-24 and 75+ y/o
True or False?
2/3 children under the age of 3 y/o who are physically abused have TBIs - Answer True
What percent of women who suffer domestic violence also have TBIs?
A. 64%
B. 67%
C. 70%
D. 72% - Answer B. 67%
True or False?
TBI signs and symptoms frequently go undiagnosed in the community, sports, prisons, military, children and domestic violence. - Answer True
True or False?
Progress along the continuum of care only goes in one direction - Answer False
What are the 2 national accreditation agencies? - Answer CARF, Joint Commission
Annual cost of TBI (medical and lost productivity) are estimated at
A. 75.6 million
B. 76.5 million
C. 75.6 billion
D. 76.5 billion - Answer D. 76.5 billion
Which of the following is not part of the Home and Community-Based waiver programs?
A. Homemaker services
B. Personal care
C. Adult day
D. All of the above - Answer D. All of the above
Match the following:
A. Rehabilitation Act of 1973
B. Olmsted Decision
C. TBI Act of 1996
D. TBI Mod Systems
E. Set the stage for funding of surveillance research on TBI, effectiveness research, and improvising systems of care.
F. Conducts prospective, longitudinal research to demonstrate the course of recovery and outcomes following TBI
G. Typically contract with private brain injury service providers
H. People should be allowed to live in the least confining setting that they qualify - Answer A, G
B, H
C, E
D, F
Those that have survived a TBI have a reduced life expectancy by how many years?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8 - Answer C. 7
What percent of TBIs are considered to be Mild?
A. 50%
B. 65%
C. 75%
D. 85% - Answer C. 75% (may be higher due to lack of reporting)
True or False?
A mild TBI can be defined as any alteration in mental state - Answer True
Additional issues that arise post mild TBI are all of the following except:
A. Metabolic alterations
B. Diffuse atonal injury
C. Massive release of neurotransmitters glutamate
D. Dilation of vessels that impacts neurological function (constriction)
E. All of the above - Answer D. Dilation of vessels that impacts neurological function (constriction)
Common symptoms after a mild TBI are all of the following except:
A. Fatigue
B. Blurred vision
C. Headaches
D. Balance problems
E. Changes in behavior
F. All of the above - Answer F. All of the above
True or False?
Post-concussion syndrome and Persistent Post-concussion syndrome refer to symptoms that persist weeks or months after TBI. - Answer True
True or False?
The correct order for the meninges (inner to outer) is Pia mater, Dura mater, Arachnoid. - Answer False; Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater (DAP)
Match:
A. Pia mater
B. Dura mater
C. Arachnoid
D. Spider web
E. Tough mother
F. Tender matter - Answer A, F
B, E
C, D
Term: Midbrain - Answer -Smallest part
-Elementary forms of vision and hearing
-Vital role in alertness and arousal
Term: pons - Answer -Connects the cerebellum and cerebral cortex
-Essential for facial movements & sensation, hearing and coord eye movements
Term: Medulla - Answer -Merges with spinal cord
-Control center for involuntary
-Involved in basic living functions
The Diencephalon-Thalamus is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sensory inputs pass through to go to higher levels in the brain
B. Sits at the top of the Brian stem
C. All senses relay impulses through the thalamus
D. Injury causes a wide range of symptoms
E. Controls sleep/ wake cycles
F. All are related - Answer C. All senses relay impulses through the thalamus (not smell)
Term: Limbic system - Answer -Deep brain structure
-Highly connected to other areas of the brain
-Controls all internal and external responses and actions
Term: Hippocampus - Answer -In the temporal lobe
-Susceptible to anoxia and hypoxia
-Association with memory
-Injury causes impaired STM, transition from STM to LTM, difficulty organizing stored
Data
Term: Amygdala - Answer -Evaluates for emotional content
-Tired to emotional memories
Term: Basal Ganglia - Answer -Receives input from the cerebral cortex
-Alert for when something is not working the way it should and determines what behaviors to execute
-Regulates activities of the motor and ore motor areas
-Handles physical movements by relaying information from the cerebral cortex to the brain stem and cerebellum
Term: Cerebellum - Answer -Located in the lower back portion of the brain
-Coordinated and modulates all body movement
-Controls the direction, rate, force and steadiness of movements
-Injury causes problems with fine motor, direction of movement, balance and proprioception.
True or False
The left hemisphere is involved in intuition - Answer False
a. left- linear, verbal/analytic, logical, right side of body, speaking, reading, writing
b. Right- holistic, visual spatial, intuitive, left side of body, music, art, shapes [Show Less]