Exam 1 - Reseach Methods in Psychology PSY 3213
Method of Authority Correct Answer: Belief in authority - i.e. religious beliefs
Belief in
... [Show More] Authority - i.e. religious beliefs Correct Answer: Method of Authority
Method of Tenacity Correct Answer: when someone refuses to change their beliefs even when presented with evidence contrary to their beliefs - i.e. Bigot
When someone refuses to change their beliefs even when presented with evidence contrary to their beliefs - i.e. Bigot Correct Answer: Method of Tenacity
Priori Method Correct Answer: When someone just believes without prior study or examination - this is the less stressful of belief systems
When someone just believes without prior study or examination - this is the less stressful of belief systems Correct Answer: Priori Method
Introspection Correct Answer: Looking into one's self or at one's actions to gain insight
Looking into one's self or at one's actions to gain insight Correct Answer: Introspection
Personal Insight Correct Answer: Where we get our "true" ideas about things and helps to shape our understanding of reality
Where we get our "true" ideas about things and helps to shape our understanding of reality Correct Answer: Personal Insight
Observer Bias Correct Answer: When you see what you expect to see
When you see what you expect to see Correct Answer: Observer Bias
Full Moon Effect Correct Answer: Example of Observer Bias
What is an example of Observer Bias Correct Answer: Full Moon Effect
Confounded Variables Correct Answer: When you can't separate one cause from another or having multiple causes
When you can't separate one cause from another or having multiple causes Correct Answer: Confounded Variables
Rate @ which something falls is an example of Correct Answer: Confounded Variable
An example of Confounded Variables is Correct Answer: Rate at which something falls
What is Empirical Ideology Correct Answer: This is the cornerstone of the scientific method and it is based on experience rather than faith and is the source of knowledge based on systematic observation and it is self correcting
This is the cornerstone of the scientific method and it is based on experience rather than faith and it is the source of knowledge based on systematic observation and it is self correcting Correct Answer: Empirical ideology
Self Correcting Correct Answer: This is part of empirical observation and allow for scientific understanding and "weeds" out "incorrect" theory. Allows for the theory to build in strength
This is part of empirical observation and allows for scientific understanding and "weeds" out "incorrect" theory. Allows for the theory to build strength Correct Answer: Self Correcting
The 3 processes of the Scientific Procedure Correct Answer: 1. Description
2. Prediction
3. Explanation
What is Description in the Scientific Procedure Correct Answer: Based on observation and describes the phenomenon being tested
Based on observation and describes the phenomenon being tested Correct Answer: Description
Prediction Correct Answer: Based on relationship and involves correlation between the variables being tested
Based on relationship and involves correlation between the variables being tested Correct Answer: Prediction
Explanation Correct Answer: Establishes the conditions under which phenomenon occurs based on experimentation
Establishes the conditions under which phenomenon occurs based on experimentation Correct Answer: Explanation
Experimentation Correct Answer: The manipulation of variables thought to underlie the phenomenon
The manipulation of variables thought to underlie the phenomenon Correct Answer: Experimentation
What is the Concept of Control Condition Correct Answer: In order to understand something you sometimes have to look at it artificially or in a lab setting (i.e. Rate at which something falls). Also the technique of producing comparisons and holding one variable constant
In order to understand something you sometimes have to look at it artificially or in a lab setting (i.e. rate at which something falls). Also the technique of producing comparisons and holding one variable constant Correct Answer: Concept of Control Condition
Data comes from Correct Answer: Empirical observation
Theory Correct Answer: Organization of concepts that permit the prediction of data
Organization of concepts that permit the prediction of data Correct Answer: Theory
Reasoning from specific to general or data to theory Correct Answer: Induction
Induction Correct Answer: Reasoning from specific to general or from data to theory
From general to specific or theory to data Correct Answer: Deduction (i.e. all swans are white)
Deduction Correct Answer: From general to specific or from theory to data
Example of deduction Correct Answer: All swans are white
Pitting one theory against another in hopes one possibility is eliminated an the other is supported (elimination procedure) is called Correct Answer: Strong Inference
Strong Inference Correct Answer: Pitting one theory against another in hopes one possibility is eliminated and the other is supported (elimination procedure)
What is an example of a problem with Strong Inference Correct Answer: Blind Man/Elephant Analogy - you may not see the big picture
How do theories evolve Correct Answer: Data - Theory - New Data - New Theory
Data - Theory - New Data - Theory Correct Answer: Evolution of a theory
What are the functions of Theory (2) Correct Answer: 1. Organize Data
2. Generate Predictions
What was the class example of a Theory Correct Answer: The Periodic Table of elements
this is primarily used to in mathematics to describe how _______ a theory is Correct Answer: Precise
A theory that is ________ means it can explain many occurrences with few statements Correct Answer: Parsimonious
What is another name for Parsimonious Correct Answer: Occam's Razor
A theory increases as ti survives tests that could reject it says the theory has Correct Answer: Testability
An example of testability is Correct Answer: E=MC2
One cannot formally accept a theory until it can be Correct Answer: Tested
Real world Observation is Correct Answer: Naturalistic observation
Naturalistic observation is Correct Answer: Observation in the real world
A case study is Correct Answer: In a clinical setting usually on one subject at a time
Usually done in clinical setting one subject at a time Correct Answer: Case study
Information gathered via questionnaire Correct Answer: Survey
A Survey is Correct Answer: Information gathered via questionnaire
A problem with Naturalistic observation Correct Answer: Reactivity
Reactivity is Correct Answer: When subjects don't behave naturally because they know they are being studied
When subjects don't behave naturally because they know they are being tested is called Correct Answer: Reactivity
A way to combat reactivity Correct Answer: camouflage or use hidden cameras
A problem with case studies is Correct Answer: Forgetfulness or repression
A way to combat forgetfulness or repression is Correct Answer: to gather information from other sources
What is a meta analysis Correct Answer: A statistical analysis of many studies already conducted on the subject of interest
A statistical analysis of many studies already conducted on the subject of interest is Correct Answer: A Meta Analysis
A problem with Survey is Correct Answer: Sample size, Response acquiescence, response deviation and social desirability
How do you alleviate the problems with survey issues like nay sayers, yea sayers and social desirability Correct Answer: Use forced choices between equally desirable or undesirable alternatives [Show Less]