Exam 1 Anatomy & Physiology the Unity of Form and Function updated A+
Comparative Physiology - The study of how different species have solved
... [Show More] problems of life such as water balance, respiration, and reproduction. Comparative physiology is also the basis for the development of new drugs and medical procedures.
Hippocrates - Greek physician, the "father" of medicine. He and his followers established a code of ethics for physicians, the Hippocratic Oath, that is still re-cited in modern form by graduating physicians at some medical schools.
Aristotle - One of the first philosophers to write about anatomy and physiology. He believed that diseases and other natural events could have either supernatural causes, which he called theologi, or natural ones, which he called physici or physiologi. We derive such terms as physician and physiology from the latter. Until the nineteenth century, physicians were called " doctors of physic." In his anatomy book, On the Parts of Animals, Aristotle tried to identify unifying themes in nature. Among other points, he argued that complex structures are built from a smaller variety of simple components— a perspective that we will find useful later in this chapter.
Claudius Galen - Physician to the Roman gladiators, wrote the most influential medical textbook of the ancient era— a book worshipped to excess by medical professors for centuries to follow.
Maimonides - Jewish physician - Moses ben Maimon. A highly admired rabbi, Mai-monides wrote voluminously on Jewish law and theology, but also wrote 10 influential medical books and numerous treatises on specific diseases.
Avicenna or " the Galen of Islam" - Most highly regarded medical scholar among Muslims. His textbook was "The Canon of Medicine" the leading authority in European medical schools for over 500 years.
Andreas Vesalius - Taught anatomy in Italy. Wrote the first Atlas
William Harvey - What Vesalius was to anatomy, Harvey was to physiology. Harvey is remembered especially for his studies of blood circulation and a little book he published in 1628, known by its abbreviated title De Motu Cordis ( On the Motion of the Heart).
Michael Servetus - He & Harvey were the first Western scientists to realize that blood must circulate continuously around the body, from the heart to the other organs and back to the heart again.
Robert Hooke - An Englishman, designed scientific instruments of various kinds, including the compound microscope. This is a tube with a lens at each end— an objective lens near the specimen, which produces an initial magnified image, and an ocular lens (eyepiece) near the ob-server's eye, which magnifies the first image still further.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek - A Dutch textile merchant, invented a simple ( single- lens) microscope, originally for the purpose of examining the weave of fabrics. His microscope was a bead-like lens mounted in a metal plate equipped with a movable specimen clip. Even though his microscopes were simpler than Hooke's, they achieved much greater useful magnification ( up to 200×) owing to Leeuwenhoek's superior lens-making technique. [Show Less]