Nicole Hernandez
PHI 2604
Chapter 2 Questions
1. No, objectivism does not entail intolerance. Objectivism states that there are universal
moral truths
... [Show More] that exist independently of what other individuals think of them. This,
however, does not mean that there are no exceptions to these rules. (Vaughn, 2019, p. 20)
2. Yes, objectivism requires absolutism. This is because objectivism states there are moral
truths that exist despite what someone else may think of them and with absolutism, there
exist facts that hold true despite the culture in an individual was raised in or their own
personal view of that truth. (Vaughn, 2019, p. 20)
3. Subjective relativism refers to the view that an action is correct if the person who is
viewing the action is the one approving of it. Cultural relativism is the view that an action
is morally correct if it aligns to their culture’s views on what is considered morally
correct. (Vaughn, 2019, p. 20)
4. Emotivism is the view that there are no such things as “true or false” and that they are
only “expressions of emotions or attitudes” (Vaughn, 2019, p. 21). This varies greatly
from the view of objectivism which proposes universal truths, a stark contrast to the
proposed lack of truths with emotivism. (Vaughn, 2019, p. 21).
5. Subjective relativism implies moral infallibilities because with this viewpoint, whenever
producing a moral opinion, an individual is incapable of being wrong. This is because,
with subjective relativism, if an individual approves of an action, then the action is
considered morally right. By subjective relativism, so long as an individual sincerely
approves of the action, their moral deliberation is correct and they are incapable of being
wrong. (Vaughn, 2019, p. 22)
6. No, moral disagreements are not possible with moral subjectivism. This is because an
action that one individual may approve of and deem as morally correct, another
individual can find morally incorrect but this does not imply that they are disagreeing.
Per moral subjectivism, these two individuals may be expressing differing attitudes but
not necessarily proposing opposite claims. (Vaughn, 2019. p. 23)
7. The argument for cultural relativism is that what individuals consider right or wrong
varies from culture to culture. Given this difference in judgements, it can b [Show Less]