Essentials Of Pathophysiology Concepts of
Altered States 4th Edition By Porth-Test Bank
Sample Test
Chapter 3- Inflammation, the Inflammatory Response,
... [Show More] and Fever
A client with poor arterial circulation in the lower limbs has developed areas of inflammation and “wee
1. serous exudate. Since chronic inflammation lasts for a long time, it has been associated with which of
following changes in physiological response? Select all that apply.
A) Formation and development of new blood vessels
B) The death of one or more cells in the body within a localized area
C) Release of a number of potent inflammatory mediators, altering adhesive properties
D) Regulation and modulation of the immune response through synthesis and release of inflam
mediators
E) Release of scavenger cells capable of engulfing bacteria through phagocytosis
Ans: A, B
Feedback:Chronic inflammation is of a longer duration, lasting for days to years, and is often associated with the
proliferation of blood vessels (angiogenesis), tissue necrosis, and fibrosis (scarring). Endothelial cells
key players in the inflammatory response. They regulate leukocyte extravasation by expression of ad
molecules and receptor activation and contribute to the regulation and modulation of immune respons
synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators. Activated platelets also release a number of potent
inflammatory mediators, thereby increasing vascular permeability and altering the chemotactic, adhes
proteolytic properties of the endothelial cells. Neutrophils are scavenger cells capable of engulfing ba
other cellular debris through phagocytosis.
During a lecture on inflammation, the physiology instructor discusses the major cellular components involved in
2. the inflammation response. The instructor asks, “Which of the following cells arrives early in great numbers?” The
student with the correct response is:
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Monocytes
Ans: C
Feedback:
Neutrophils are the primary early arrival cells and are signified by an elevated neutrophil count that includes
mature (PMNs) and immature (bands) cell forms. Basophils respond later. Lymphocytes have a slower arrival
and stay longer. The half-life of circulating monocytes is about a day, after which they begin to migrate to the site
of injury and mature into larger macrophages, which have a longer half-life and greater phagocytic ability than do
blood monocytes.3. A diabetic client has injured his foot while walking barefoot on the lawn. On admission, which of the fo
assessment findings would be considered a localized cardinal sign of acute inflammation?
A) Temperature of 101°F
B) Fatigue with listlessness
C) Redness and edema at the injured site
D) Urine output of less than 500 mL/24 hours (low)
Ans: C
Feedback:
Localized manifestations include redness, swelling, and heat. Fever and fatigue are systemic manifes
acute inflammation. Low urine output is not a localized sign but could be a systemic manifestation if th
goes into septic shock. [Show Less]