ANS: B REF: 7
30. When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:
a. atrophy.
b. liquefactive
... [Show More] necrosis.
c. apoptosis.
d. infarction.
ANS: D REF: 10
31. During the evaluation process for a new therapy’s effectiveness and safety, a double blind study
may be conducted during:
ANS: C REF: 3
32. Why are the predisposing factors for a specific disease important to health professionals?
a. To predict the prognosis
b. To determine treatments
c. To develop preventive measures
d. To develop morbidity statistics
a. the first stage.
b. the second stage.
c. the third stage.
d. any of these stages.
a. epidemic.
b. exacerbation.
c. morbidity.
d. pandemic.
ANS: A REF: 7
36. The term pathogenesis refers to:
a. the development of a disease or sequence of events related to tissue changes involved in the disease proc
b. the determination of the cause(s) involved in the development of a malignant neoplasm.
c. the specific signs and symptoms involved in the change from an acute disease to a chronic disease.
d. the changes in cells of affected tissue that result in necrosis.
ANS: A REF: 6
02: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-
Base Imbalances
Chapter 02: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Choose the correct proportion of water to body weight to be expected in a healthy male adult’s
body:
a. 30%
b. 45%
c. 60%
d. 70%
ANS: C REF: 15
2. Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male’s body:
a. 30%
b. 20%
c. 10%
d. 4%
ANS: D REF: 15
3. Insensible fluid loss refers to water lost through:
a. perspiration only.
b. feces only.
c. perspiration and expiration.
d. urine and feces.
ANS: C REF: 15
4. When the osmotic pressure of the blood is elevated above normal, water would shift from the:
a. blood into the cells.
b. interstitial compartment into the cells.
c. interstitial compartment into the blood.
d. cells into the interstitial compartment.
ANS: C REF: 16
5. Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
a. Increased osmotic pressure
b. Decreased osmotic pressure
c. Increased hydrostatic pressure
d. Decreased hydrostatic pressure
ANS: B REF: 16
6. Which of the following would cause edema?
a. Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. Increased capillary osmotic pressure
c. Decreased capillary permeability
d. Increased capillary permeability
ANS: D REF: 16-19
7. Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
a. Fluid excess
b. Fluid deficit
c. Increased sodium level
d. Decreased erythrocytes
ANS: B REF: 23-24
8. Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
a. Rapid, strong pulse
b. Low hematocrit
c. Increased urine output
d. Rough oral mucosa
ANS: D REF: 21
9. Which of the following terms refers to a combination of decreased circulating blood volume
combined with excess fluid in a body cavity?
ANS: B REF: 21
10. Which of the following is the primary cation in the extracellular fluid?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
a. Dehydration
b. Third-spacing
c. Hypovolemia
d. Water retention
c. Calcium
d. Iron
ANS: A REF: 21
11. Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
a. Loss of the thirst mechanism
b. Excessive sweating
c. Excessive aldosterone secretion
d. Prolonged period of rapid, deep respirations
ANS: B REF: 22-23
12. Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
a. Skeletal muscle twitch and cramps
b. Oliguria
c. Elevated serum pH
d. Cardiac arrhythmias
ANS: D REF: 26
13. Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
a. Increased movement of calcium ions into the bones
b. Increased activation of vitamin D
c. Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
d. Decreased reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
ANS: C REF: 26
14. Which of the following results from hypocalcemia?
1. Low serum phosphate levels
2. Nausea and constipation
3. Skeletal muscle twitch and spasms
4. Weak cardiac contractions
a. 1, 2
b. 1, 4
c. 2, 3
d. 3, 4
ANS: D REF: 27
15. Which of the following causes tetany?
a. Increased permeability of nerve membranes due to low serum calcium
b. Excess calcium ions in skeletal muscle due to excess parathyroid hormone (PTH)
c. Excess calcium ions inside somatic nerves as a result of neoplasms
d. Increased stimulation of the nerves in the cerebral cortex
ANS: A REF: 27
16. In which of the following processes is phosphate ion NOT a major component?
a. Bone metabolism
b. Metabolic processes involving adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
c. Blood clotting
d. Acid-base balance [Show Less]