Essentials of Genetics 8th Edition Test Bank by William
Essentials of Genetics 8th Edition
1) A protein is 300 amino acids long. Which of the following
... [Show More] could be the number of nucleotides in
the section of DNA that codes for this protein? (Remember: DNA is double-stranded.)
E) 1800
2) A short segment of an mRNA molecule is shown below. The polypeptide it codes for is also
shown:
5′-AUGGUGCUGAAG : methionine-valine-leucine-lysine
Assume that a mutation in the DNA occurs so that the fourth base (counting from the 5′ end) of the
messenger RNA now reads A rather than G. What sequence of amino acids will the mRNA now code
for? (You do not need a copy of the genetic code to answer the question.)
E) methionine-methionine-leucine-lysine
3) The term peptidyl transferase relates to ________.
B) peptide bond formation during protein synthesis
4) Which of the following are among the major components of prokaryotic ribosomes?
C) 16S rRNA, 5S rRNA, and 23S rRNA
5) The one-gene:one-enzyme hypothesis emerged from work on which two organisms?
1. A) coli and yeast
2. B) Drosophila and humans
3. C) Neurospora and Drosophila
4. D) coli and humans
5. E) All of the answers listed are correct.
6) By their experimentation using the Neurospora fungus, Beadle and Tatum were able to propose
the far-reaching hypothesis that ________.
C) the role of a specific gene is to produce a specific enzyme
7) The β chain of adult hemoglobin is composed of 146 amino acids of a known sequence. In
comparing the normal β chain with the β chain in sickle cell hemoglobin, what alteration is one likely
to find?
B) glutamic acid replacing valine in the first position
8) The primary structure of a protein is determined by ________.
A) the sequence of amino acids
9) Which protein class directly controls many of the metabolic reactions within a cell?
D) enzymes
10) The secondary structure of a protein includes ________.
C) α-helix and β-pleated sheet
11) Side groups of amino acids are typically classified under which of the following?
A) polar, nonpolar
12) Nutritional mutations can be defined as ________.
A) those mutations that do not allow a bacterium or fungus to grow on minimal medium but
do allow growth on complete medium
2) Conditional mutations are more likely to result from a mutation caused by which of the following
alterations to the coding region of a gene?
E) tautomeric shift
3) A class of mutations that results in multiple contiguous amino acid changes in proteins is likely to
be which of the following?
D) frameshift
4) Two formal terms used to describe categories of mutational nucleotide substitutions in DNA are
________.
C) transversions and transitions
5) Mutations that arise in nature, from no particular artificial agent, are called ________.
C) spontaneous mutations
6) Which of the following name two mutagens that would be classified as base analogs?
D) 5-bromouracil and 2-amino purine
7) Ultraviolet light causes pyrimidine dimers to form in DNA. Some individuals are genetically
incapable of repairing some dimers at “normal” rates. Such individuals are likely to suffer from
________.
A) xeroderma pigmentosum
8) Transposons, or jumping genes, are DNA elements that move within the genome. In which
organismic groups are transposons found?
A) bacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) mammals
D) ancient bacteria
E) all organismic groups
9) All insertion sequences (IS elements) contain two features that are essential for their movement.
What are these two elements?
A) transposase and inverted terminal repeats
10) Some bacterial transposons, known as Tn elements, are larger than insertion sequences (IS
elements) and contain protein-coding genes that have human health significance. What might such a
bacterial transposon contain?
A) drug resistance
11) Barbara McClintock discovered mobile elements in corn by analyzing the genetic behavior of two
elements, Ds and Ac. The interplay between these two elements has become one of the most
interesting stories of discovery in the field of genetics. How do Ds and Ac interact?
C) Ds moves only if Ac is present in the genome; Ac is capable of autonomous movement.
1) Which term would be applied to a regulatory condition that occurs when protein is associated with
a particular section of DNA and greatly reduces transcription?
A) negative control
2) Which term refers to a contiguous genetic complex that is under coordinated control?
C) operon
3) Which term most appropriately refers to a regulatory protein in prokaryotes?
C) DNA binding protein
4) In the lac operon, the product of structural gene lacZ is capable of ________.
D) splitting the β-linkage of lactose
5) Which of the following terms best characterizes catabolite repression associated with
the lac operon in E. coli? [Show Less]