Ateriovenus shunt
Artificial device allows an artery to flow to a vein without moving through capillaries.
Complications of renal
... [Show More] dialysis
Hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, hemorrhage from the access site, and infection at the access site.
What does insulin do
When you eat, insulin is secreted from the pancreas. Insulin opens up the cell for sugar.
Hypoglycemia
Lack of sugar in the blood. Can be deadly.
Treatment for low blood sugar
Oral glucose.
Hyperglycemia (Diabetes)
An excess amount of sugar in the blood. Too little insulin makes cells unable to absorb glucose. Cell switch from normal metabolism to abnormal metabolism. It begins to breakdown fat. It begins to create Ketone in the body. Ketone is very acidic. And patient will have a fruity smell to their breath.
Treatment for Hyperglycemia
Rapidly transport to the hospital.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) Pathophysiology
Causes Kussmaul Respirations (Rapid, Deep breaths) Increased blood sugar, fruity smelling breath.
Acidosis
The accumulation of acids in the body
High Blood Sugar long term effects
Blindness, Neuropathy(Nerve Damage), Necrosis(tissue death), Lose Limbs, Kidney Problems Commonly silent MIs
Hypoglycemic Crisis Blood Sugar level
Blood sugar Below 40
Hypoglycemia blood sugar level
Blood sugar 40-80
Normal Blood Sugar
Blood sugar 80-120
Hyperglycemia blood sugar level
Blood sugar 120-400
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma (HHNC) blood sugar level
Blood sugar 400-800
Hyperglycemic Crisis blood sugar level
Blood sugar 800-up
Hyperglycemia Signs & Symptoms
Kussmaul respirations (rapid, deep respirations), Dehydration, as indications of dry warm skin "tenting". Sunken eyes. A sweet or fruity odor or the breath, caused by Ketones. A rapid, weak pulse (tready) A normal or slightly low blood pressure. Varying degrees of unresponsiveness. Weakness, nausea, and vomiting. Polyuria (excessive urination), Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive eating) Restlessness, possibly progressing to coma; abnormally slurred speech; unsteady gait(movement). [Show Less]