EMT 104 FINAL EXAM GUIDE Completed with Accurate Solutions [2022/2023].
EMT 104 FINAL EXAM GUIDE
1. List signs and symptoms of stroke:
- Facial
... [Show More] drooping
- slurred speech
- a sudden and severe headache
- sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arms, legs, or one side of the body
- lack of muscle coordination
- sudden loss of vision
- difficulty swallowing
- decreased level of responsiveness
2. List Basic life support treatment for an infant, child, or adult in cardiac arrest:
Infant: PPE, scene safe, call for ALS and transport, get AED, start compressions 30:2 for
1 rescuer do it with index and middle finger right and middle finger below nipple line mark. With
two rescuers its 15:2 compressions place hands side by side middle of chest, with positive
ventilations. rapid transport.
Child: PPE, scene safe, call for ALS and transport, get AED, start compressions 30:2 for
1 rescuer. 2 rescuers 15:2. rapid transport
Adult: PPE scene safe, call for ALS back up, get AED, start compressions 30:2. rapid
transport.
3. List normal vital signs (BPs, pulse rates, and respiratory rates) for an infant, child, and
adult:
Infant:
BP: 70-90 mm/Hg systolic
pulse: 140 to 160 per min
breathing: 25-50 breaths/min
temp: 96.8 to 99.6
Child:
BP: 70-120 mm/Hg systolic
pulse: 70-130 per min
breathing: 20-30 breaths/min
temp 98.6
Adult:
BP: 120/80 mm/Hg or 100+age/80
pulse: 60-100 per minute
breathing: 12-20
temp: 98.6
4. List signs of chronic bronchitis:
-excess mucus production
-fatigue
-fever
-chronic cough
-difficulty with expirationEMT 104
5. Describe functions of the pulse oximeter:
- to measure the oxygen saturation.
6. List treatment for a rattlesnake bite:
- Calm the patient
-Mark the bite with a pen to see if swelling increases
-Clean bite gently
-immobilize pressure
-look for anaphylactic shock
-DO NOT give anything orally
-bring the snake in if dead
-Vital
- rapid transport
7. Define Kussmauls’s breathing pattern:
-diabetic ketoacidios; deep respirations, deep in labor
8. Describe features of the bag-valve-mask (BVM):
-air/ oxygen intake valve
-nonrebreathing valve
-02 reservoir
-exhalation port
-outlet valve
-non pop off valve
-one way valve system
-transport face mask
9. List treatment for an open chest wound:
-Occlusive dressing anterior tape on three sides or four sides to be able to burp dressing.
Posterior taped on all four sides.
10. List signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction caused by an insect sting:
-Redness
-swelling in the area of sting (wheal)
-difficulty breathing
-altered mental status
-warm to the touch
11. List the descending order of the divisions of the spine:
a. Cervical (7)
b. Thoracic (12)
c. Lumbar (5)
d. Sacral (5)
e. Coccygeal (4)EMT 104
12. Describe management of a newborn:
-umbilical cord
-airways
-APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity & Respiration)
-Warm
13. List treatment for severe asthma attack:
-02 (oxygen), rapid transport, & Medical control to assist with meter-dosed inhaler
14. List ways in which an allergen can enter the body:
-direct contact, indigestion, inhalation, or injection
15. Describe the mechanism of action of Aspirin, Glucose, Activated Charcoal, &
Nitroglycerin:
Aspirin:
Generic Name: acetylsalicylic acid (ASA),
Classification: antiplatelet, analgesic, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), antipyretic.
Mechanism: decreases synthesis of thromboxane A2, prevents platelets from clumping
(aggregating) thereby decreasing formation of new blood clots.
Indication: EMT’s Only use for cardiac chest pain
Initial dose: (4)X 81 mg or 324mg tablet
Side effects: nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reaction.
Glucose:
Generic Name: Glucose
Classification: carbohydrate, oral hyperglycemia.
Mechanism: increases glucose blood level, provides glucose for cellular metabolism.
Indication: low blood glucose level in the blood (hypoglycemia)
Initial dose: 15 grams tablet or pouch / 25grams tablets or pouch
Side effects: nausea and vomiting
Activated charcoal:
Generic Name: Activated charcoal
Classification: Adsorbent
Mechanism: binds with inactivates toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract.
Indication: recently ingested overdose, recently ingested poisons
Initial dose: 15 grams, 25 grams, 50 grams prefixed in bottle or tube
Side effects: nausea and vomiting
Nitroglycerin:
Generic Name: Nitroglycerin
Classification: Vasodilator, antianginal
Mechanism: relaxes the muscular walls of coronary arteries and veins. Relaxes the arteries
throughout the body, results in less blood return to the heart, decreases blood pressure.
Indication: chest pain suggestive of angina or acute myocardial infraction.
Initial dose: .4mg tablet multi dose spray bottle (0.4 mg/ single spray)
Side effects: hypotension, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, syncope, nausea and vomiting,
burning under the tongue.EMT 104
16. Identify functions of the Kendrick Extrication Device (KED):
- A device designed to immobilize the patient until he or she is moved from a sitting position to a
supine position on a backboard.
17. Define Body Mechanics:
-the way the body moves to perform a specific action.
18. Identify risks for adults drowning:
- spinal injuries, hypoxia, water in the lungs, unconsciousness
19. List parts of the:
a. Skull
i. Frontal bone (forehead)
ii. Parietal bone (sides of top of skull)
iii. Temporal bone (between parietal and zygomatic)
iv. Nasal bone (nose)
v. Zygomatic bone (cheek bone)
vi. Maxilla (roof of mouth)
vii. Mandible (bottom of mouth)
viii. Foramen magnum (hole to connect spine)
ix. Occipital bone (back of skull)
b. Pelvis
i. Sacrum (tail bone)
ii. Ilium (hips)
iii. Ischium (butt bones)
iv. Pubis
v. Acetabulum
vi. Pubic symphysis
vii. Iliac crest
20. List treatment for a seizure:
-let seizure pass and protect patient from any harm (due to seizure)
-manage and access ABC’s (airway, breathing, & circulation)
-use suction to clear the airways
-manage pulse saturation with pulse oximeter
-apply 02 (oxygen)
-ready for transport
21. Identify conditions for rapid extrication:
-Vehicle or scene/ situation not safe
-explosive or other hazardous material or there is fire or danger of fire
-patient cannot be properly assessed
-patient has life threating conditionsEMT 104
22. List treatment for severe hyperthermia caused by environmental exposure:
-Cool environment, oxygen, clothing, shock, sip water, moist towels
23. List treatment for a burned eye or eyelid injury:
- Flush with water, cover with moist towel
24. List conditions likely found on a medical identification bracelet:
-DNR -Heart conditions
-Diabetic -Allergies
-Seizures (epilepsy)
25. Identify risks for suicide:
-depression at any age
-the feeling of being trapped or purposeless
-previous suicide attempt
-specific plan for suicide
-family history of/ with suicide
26. List signs and symptoms of inadequate breathing for an infant, child, and adult:
-Reports difficulty of breathing or shortness of breath
-Altered mental status
-Appears anxious ( Children will appear sleepy or lifeless)
-Respiratory rate too fast or slow
-Irregular breathing rhythm
-Skin is cool, clammy, pale or cyanotic
-Wheezing, gurgling, snoring, crowing, or stridor
-Decreased or noisy breath sounds on one or both sides of chest
27. List stages of death and dying:
-denial
-anger
-hostility
-bargaining
-depression
-acceptance
28. List treatment for low blood pressure in an adult:
-Treat for shock
29. List common medical disorders/ conditions found in children and the elderly:
Children: Elderly:
-poisoning -seizures -SOB -depression
-drowning -meningitis -chest pain -abuse
-croup -epiglottis -falls -loss of independenceEMT 104
30. Define gallbladder:
-A sac on the undersurface of the liver that collects bile from the liver and discharges it into
duodenum through the common bile duct.
31. Define the platelets and white blood cells:
a. Platelets: responsible for the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding
b. White blood cells: blood cells that have a role in the body's immune defense
mechanisms against infection; also called leukocytes. (Defends the body).
32. Describe the Log roll:
- c spine stabilization, DNVF testing/ PMS test, rolling on to back board on the head mans count.
33. List treatment for suspected child abuse:
- Document findings, report to PD
34. Define sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS):
- Death of infant from an unknown causes
35. List treatment for an amputated arm:
-Stop the bleeding
-Apply direct pressure, if bleeding continues apply a tourniquet
-Treat patient for hypovolemic shock
-Control all obvious external bleeding
-Handle the patient gently and keep them warm
-Secure and maintain airway
-Provide respiratory support
-Apply high-flow oxygen
-Monitor to ensure that patient doesn't aspirate blood
36. List modes of transmission associated with AIDS:
-Transmitted through body fluids (blood) through sexual intercourse.
-Direct injection through HIV contaminated drugs, needles, syringes, blood or blood products
EMT Exposure to AIDS:
37. Define Advance Directive:
-Written documentations that specifies medical treatment for a competent patient should the
patient be unable to make decisions; also called a living will or health care directive.
38. List treatment for an infant, child, and adult with a complete airway obstruction:
Infant:
-Hold the infant face down, with the body resting on your forearm. Support the infant's jaw and
face with your hand, and keep the head lower than the rest of the body
- Deliver 5 back slaps between the shoulder blades, using the heal of your hand
- Place your free hand behind the infant's head and back, and turn the infant face up on your
other forearm and thigh, sandwiching the infant's body between your two hands and arms. TheEMT 104
infant's head should remain below the level of the body
- Give five quick chest thrusts in the same location and manner as chest compression, using two
fingers placed on the lower half of the sternum
- Check the airway. If you can see the foreign body, then remove it. If not repeat the cycle as
necessary
- If the infant becomes unresponsive, then begin CPR
Child:
-Kneel on one knee behind the child, and circle both of your arms around the child's body.
-Prepare to give abdominal thrusts by placing your fist just above the patient's umbilicus and
well below the xiphoid process.
-Place your other hand over the fist.
-Give the child abdominal thrust in an upward direction. Avoid applying force to the lower rib
cage or sternum
-Repeat this technique until foreign body is expelled or the child become unresponsive
begin CPR
Adult:
-Abdominal thrust
39. Define Medical Director:
Each EMS system has physician medical director who authorizes the EMTs in the service to
provide medical care in the field. The appropriate care for each injury, condition, or illness that
you will encounter in the field is determined by the medical director and is described in a set of
written standing orders and protocols.
40. Define Diastolic blood pressure:
Blood pressure when the heart is relaxed.
41. Describe difficulty in use of a BVM:
-getting a seal with one hand, and squeezing the bag with the other and maintaining good
compliance
42. Define Triage:
-sorting of patients from most critical to least
43. Calculate the percentage of a thermal burn, based off of the rule of nines for an infant,
child and adult:
Infant:
-Head - 18
-Front - 18
-Back - 18
-Arms - 9
-Legs - 13.5
-Groin - 1
Child:EMT 104
-Head - 12
-Front - 18
-Back - 18
-Arms - 9
-Legs - 16.5
-Groin – 1
Adult:
-Head - 9
-Front - 18
-Back - 18
-Arms - 9
-Legs - 18
-Groin - 1
44. List signs and symptoms of croup:
-cold, cough- stridor/ seal-bark cough & low grade fever
45. List treatment for an open fracture of the leg:
-Manage all bleeding with direct pressure
-Assess DNVF
-Correct any gross deformity by applying gentle longitudinal traction to the heel.
-Before releasing traction, apply a splint
-Assess DNVF & Transport promptly
46. List treatment for a thermal burn injury:
-Move the patient away from the burning area.
-Provide high flow oxygen
-If any clothing is on fire, wrap the patient in a blanket, and then remove any smoldering
clothing and/or jewelry, immerse the area in a cool, sterile water or saline solution come or cover
with a clean wet cool dressing if the skin or clothing is warm this not only stops the burning it
also relieves pain poor long immersion however May increase the risk of infection and
hypothermia for this reason you should not keep the affected parts immersed in water for more
than 10 minutes. Transport promptly.
47. Describe the EMT’s priority at a hazardous materials incident:
-scene safety
-incident stabilization
-preservation of property and the environment
48. Describe the function of the left ventricle:
Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the left atria through the Mitral valve. The left ventricle
passively fills to approximately 70% of the ventricular stroke volume during diastole. The left
ventricle contracts and moves the oxygenated blood through the aortic valve and out the aorta.
49. List signs and treatment of a closed head injury:EMT 104
-LOC
-A state of being dazed, confused or disoriented
-Headache
-Nausea or vomiting
-Fatigue or drowsiness
-Problems with speech
-Difficulty sleeping
-Dizziness or loss of balance
-visual deformity of the skull
-confusion
-slow heart rate
-irregular breathing
-unequal pupils
-seizures
-amnesia
-loss of motor function
50. Describe purpose of the AED:
-Stop electrical activity to allow normal rhythm to restart. (stops the heart).
51. List characteristics of extrication and rescue:
a. Preparation
b. En route to scene
c. Arrival and scene size-up
d. Hazard control
e. Support operations
f. Gain access
g. Emergency care
h. Removal of patient
i. Transfer of the patient
j. Termination
52. Identify the initial adult dose of aspirin:
-162 to 325mg (2 or 4 81mg tablets or one 325 mg tablet
53.Describe ways an EMT should deal with personal strong emotional reactions:
-Critical incident decompression or advocacy. (Support/ support groups)
54. List causes of hypoxia:
-pulmonary edema -hay fever
-pleural effusion -obstruction of airway
-hyperventilation syndrome -drug overdose
-carbon monoxide poisoning -shock
55. List treatment for a closed fracture of the arm:
-Assess DNVFEMT 104
-splint fractured arm
-place fractured arm in a sling
-reassess DNVF
-ice pack
-transport
56. List treatment for a closed chest injury:
-maintain head stabilization until spine injury is ruled out
-CPAP
-O2 (oxygen)
Manage ABC's (airways, breathing, circulation)
-Stabilization chest with padding
57. Describe assessment for a closed chest injury:
-obvious deformities (bruising of lung tissue)
-hypoxia
-alterations of consciousness
58. List the range of oxygen concentration delivered by a nasal cannula at 1 to 6 liters per
minute:
24% - 44%
59. Define paradoxical chest wall motion:
-Abnormal movement of a flail segment
60. Define critical burn injury:
-full thickness burn and partial thickness greater than 20%
61. List treatment for an impaled object in the hand:
-Do NOT attempt to move or remove the object.
-Stabilize the impaled body part
-control bleeding
-tape ridge area and stabilize for transport [Show Less]