Emergency Management Communications Exam 35 Questions with Verified Answers
The foundation of an effective communications strategy is based on four
... [Show More] areas: - CORRECT ANSWER 1) Customer Focus
2) Leadership Commitment
3) Inclusion of Communications in Planning and Operations
4) Media Partnership
An essential element of leadership commitment to communications is: - CORRECT ANSWER the inclusion of planning and operations
A customer service approach includes: - CORRECT ANSWER **Placing the needs & interests of individuals and communities first
**Being responsive and informative
**Managing expectations.
FEMA Field Guide Mission Statement: - CORRECT ANSWER "To contribute to the well-being of the community following a disaster by ensuring the dissemination of information that:
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Is timely, accurate, consistent and easy to understand
Explains what people can expect from their government
Message objectives: - CORRECT ANSWER *Vary depending on the situation
*A media partnership can help educate, inform, reassure and rally the public
-Help garner support and lay the groundwork for future emergency management measures
Educate the public
-Communicate situation reports regarding the nature & scope of the incident-Report the estimated human and economic damages
-Report the recovery measures - CORRECT ANSWER Things the media can do...
FEMA's core media list consists of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER Newspapers
City and regional magazines
Local trade and business publications
State bureaus of national wire services
Local radio and television stations
Local cable stations
Public broadcast stations
Public Information Officers (PIOs) at military bases
Press Releases - - CORRECT ANSWER The most fundamental communication product
A press release can take the form of: - CORRECT ANSWER News releases
Daily summaries
Media advisories
Feature articles
Fact sheets
Public service announcements (PSAs)
Other written materials
Disaster communication strategy is built on four critical assumptions: - CORRECT ANSWER -Customer Focus
-Leadership Commitment
- Inclusion of communications in planning and operations
-Media Partnership
Role of communication during the mitigation phase: - CORRECT ANSWER to promote implementation of strategies,technologies and actions that will reduce losses in future disasters.
The general public audience includes: - CORRECT ANSWER elderly, minorities, disabled, youth, etc.
Two key elements of FEMA's crisis communications infrastructure: - CORRECT ANSWER - Staff Support
- Technology
Elements of staff support include: - CORRECT ANSWER Public Affairs Officers (PAO)
Joint Information Center (JIC)
Community Relations Staff
The best way to initiate and maintain awareness: - CORRECT ANSWER radio and TV
The best way for providing detailed information: - CORRECT ANSWER printed materials
Message characteristics include: - CORRECT ANSWER -amount of material
-speed
-number of arguments, repitition, clarity, specificity..
-consistency, extremity of position argued...
Eight steps of risk communication and new behavior: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Hearing the warning
2. Believing it is credible
3. Confirming the threat exists
4. Personalizing the warning
5. Determing if protective action is needed
6. Determing if protective action is feasible
7. Determing what protective action to take
8. Taking the protective action
Media Lists and Contacts -FEMA's core media list consists of the following: - CORRECT ANSWER Newspapers
City and regional magazines
Local trade and business publications
State bureaus of national wire services
Local radio and television stations
Local cable stations
Public broadcast stations
Public Information Officers (PIOs) at military bases
A press release can take the form of: - CORRECT ANSWER News releases
Daily summaries
Media advisories
Feature articles
Fact sheets
Public service announcements (PSAs)
Other written materials
Disaster Management in poor or less developed countries is often not supported as much as military, infrastructure, education and other projects: - CORRECT ANSWER Because disasters are change events, and thus not guaranteed to happen, disaster management programs in poor countries tend to be viewed as superfluous
Delegating disaster management to the military is commonly seen
Poverty and uncontrolled urbanization often force large populations to congregate in high-risk areas which contain little defense against disasters
International Involvement - CORRECT ANSWER A disaster requires the involvement of the international community of responders when a nation's capability to responds has become overwhelmed.
The threshold for international events is driven by: - CORRECT ANSWER Availability of economic resources
Level of local responder training
Resilience of the infrastructure
Public opinion of the government's ability to manage the crisis
Availability of specialized assets
Three types of emergencies usually involve international humanitarian response: - CORRECT ANSWER Natural disasters
Technical disasters
Complex Human Emergencies (CHEs)
Complex Human Emergencies (CHE) - CORRECT ANSWER "Humanitarian crisis in a country or region where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from the internal and/or external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency." United nations definition
The five common characteristics (in varying degrees of intensity) for CHEs are: - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Civil conflict (usually accompanied by widespread atrocities)
2. Deteriorated Authority of the national government such that public services disappear and political control dissolves
3. Mass movements of population to escape conflict or search for food, resulting in refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs)
4. Massive dislocation of the economic system, resulting in hyperinflation and the devaluation of currency, major declines in GNP, skyrocketing unemployment and market collapse
5. A general decline in food security, often leading to severe malnutrition and occasional widespread starvation
The UN (United Nations) - CORRECT ANSWER Generally coordinates an international response
Discrimination issues arising during emergencies: - CORRECT ANSWER *Gender based—women and children often become more dependent on males because men will have more opportunities to wait in line for supplies than the women will
*Class biased—underlying racial and cultural discrepancies within classes
WHO (World Health Organization) - CORRECT ANSWER *Idea for WHO established in San Francisco, CA, U.S. in 1945
*1946—World Health Organization constitution approved.
*WHO was established to serve as the central authority on sanitation and health issues throughout the world.
WHO: - CORRECT ANSWER -Responds to address the health of victims
-Provides ongoing monitoring of diseases traditionally associated with unsanitary conditions of disaster aftermath
-Technical assistance to the responding agencies & host governments who are establishing disaster medical capabilities.
-Serve as a constant source of expertise
Nunn-Lugar legislation - CORRECT ANSWER Prior to 9-11-01 provided the primary authority & focus for domestic federal preparedness activities for terrorism
Agencies involved included:
FEMA
DOJ (Department of Justice)
HHS (Department of Health and Human Services)
DoD (Department of Defense)
National Guard
Before 911, this was the primary authority for domestic preparedness for terrorism - CORRECT ANSWER Nunn-Lugar legislation
Nunn-Lugar legislation - CORRECT ANSWER There were attempts at coordination, however, agencies pursued their own agendas
The Top Officials Terrorism Exercise of 1999... - CORRECT ANSWER - Reinforced problems with Nunn-Lugar
- DOD and DOJ controlled most funds
States were confused and felt ignored.
Five changes in post-911 emergency management - CORRECT ANSWER - First responder practices and protocols
- Preparing for terrorist acts
- Funding the war on terror
- Creation of Dept of Homeland Security
- Shift focus of emergency management to terrorism [Show Less]