TABLE OF CONTENTS
1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING..............................................................................7
1.1 BASIC
... [Show More] CONCEPTS OF PROGRAMMING..........................................................................................7
1.2 NECCESITY OF PROGRAMMING....................................................................................................8
1.3 DUTIES OF A COMPUTER PROGRAMMER.....................................................................................8
1.4 STAKEKOLDERS IN A CORPORATE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................8
1.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE..........................................................8
1.6 MODES OF PROGRAMMING .........................................................................................................9
REVISION EXERCISE 1 ....................................................................................................................10
2: OVERVIEW OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES...............................................................11
2.1 GENERATIONS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.......................................................................11
2.2 FORTRAN.....................................................................................................................................12
2.3 COBOL (1959)..............................................................................................................................13
2.4 BASIC (1964)................................................................................................................................13
2.5 PASCAL (1971).............................................................................................................................14
2.6 PROLOG (1972) ...........................................................................................................................15
2.7 THE C LANGUAGE (1972) ............................................................................................................16
2.8 THE ADA LANGUAGE (1983) .......................................................................................................16
2.9 THE C++ LANGUAGE (1983) ........................................................................................................17
2.10 HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML)..............................................................................18
2.11 JAVA (1991)...............................................................................................................................18
2.12 PYTHON (1991) .........................................................................................................................19
2.13 VISUAL BASIC (1991).................................................................................................................19
REVISION EXERCISE 2 ....................................................................................................................21
3: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES EVALUATION CRITERIA.....................................................................22
1. SUPPORTS TARGET APPLICATION DOMAIN..................................................................................22
2. PROGRAM READABILITY ...............................................................................................................22
3. INDUSTRIAL ACCEPTANCE.............................................................................................................23
4. OBJECT-ORIENTED SUPPORT ........................................................................................................23
5. PROGRAM WRITABILITY................................................................................................................23
6. DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT....................................................................................................24
7. PROGRAMM RELIABILITY ..............................................................................................................24
8. FULL-FEATURED LANGUAGE .........................................................................................................25
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9. SOFTWARE COST...........................................................................................................................25
10. SUPPORT FOR SECURE CODE ......................................................................................................25
11. PROGRAM PORTABILITY..............................................................................................................25
12. SUPPORT OF WEB DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................26
13. PROPRIETARY / OPEN SOURCE ...................................................................................................26
REVISION EXERCISE 3 ....................................................................................................................27
4: APPROACHES TO PROGRAMMING ...................................................................................................28
4.1 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS ..............................................................................................................28
4.2 PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS.....................................................................................................30
4.2.1. PROCEDURE ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (POP) TECHNIQUE .................................................30
4.2.2. OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (OOP) TECHNIQUE ........................................................32
4.3 BASIC CONCEPTS OF OOP ...........................................................................................................33
4.4 BENEFITS OF OOP........................................................................................................................35
REVISION EXERCISE 4 ....................................................................................................................36
5: PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................37
5.1 STEPS IN PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................................37
5.2 FLOWCHART DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................................38
5.2.1 TYPES OF FLOW CHARTS ..........................................................................................................39
5.2.2 FLOWCHART SYMBOLS ............................................................................................................39
5.2.3 GUIDELINES FOR DRAWING A FLOWCHART ............................................................................41
5.2.4 FLOWCHARTING EXAMPLES.....................................................................................................42
5.2.5 LIMITATIONS OF USING FLOWCHARTS....................................................................................44
REVISION EXERCISE 5 ....................................................................................................................45
6.0 THE C++ PROGAMMING LANGUAGE ..............................................................................................46
6.1 THE BASICS OF C++......................................................................................................................46
6.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD C++ PROGRAM ..........................................................................46
6.3 STRUCTURE OF A C++ PROGRAM................................................................................................47
6.4 CREATING A C++ SOURCE FILE ....................................................................................................48
6.5 FEATURES OF A C++ PROGRAM ..................................................................................................49
6.6 GUIDELINES TO GOOD C++ PROGRAMMING..............................................................................50
6.7 PROGRAMMING IN C++ ..............................................................................................................51
REVISION EXERCISE 6 ....................................................................................................................52
7. IDENTIFIERS, VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS IN C++...........................................................................54
7.1. IDENTIFIERS................................................................................................................................54
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7. 2. VARIABLES.................................................................................................................................54
7.2.1 SIZE OF VARIABLES...............................................................................................................54
7.2.2 SIGNED AND UNSIGNED INTEGERS......................................................................................55
2.3 DEFINITION OF A VARIABLE ........................................................................................................55
2.4 CREATION OF MORE VARIABLES.................................................................................................56
2.5 ASSIGNING VALUES TO VARIABLES.............................................................................................56
7.2.3 TYPEDEF ...............................................................................................................................57
7.3. CONSTANTS................................................................................................................................57
7.3.1 TYPES OF CONSTANTS..........................................................................................................58
7. 3. 2 DEFINING CONSTANTS WITH #define ................................................................................58
7.3.3 DEFINING CONSTANTS WITH const .....................................................................................59
7.3.4 ENUMERATED CONSTANTS..................................................................................................59
REVISION EXERCISE 7 ....................................................................................................................60
8.0 PROGRAM CONTROL STRUCTURES.................................................................................................61
8.1 SEQUENCE CONTROL STRUCTURE ..............................................................................................61
8. 2 SELECTION CONTROL STRUCTURE .............................................................................................61
8.2.1 : IF-ELSE STATEMENT ............................................................................................................62
8.2.2 : SWITCH STATEMENT...........................................................................................................64
8. 3 LOOP STRUCTURE ......................................................................................................................67
8.3.1 DO-WHILE CONTROL STRUCTURE........................................................................................67
8.3.2 WHILE CONTROL STRUCTURE ..............................................................................................68
8.3.3 FOR CONTROL STRUCTURE ..................................................................................................69
8.3.4 BIFURCATION STRUCTURES .................................................................................................70
REVISION EXERCISE 8 ....................................................................................................................72
9. 0 ARRAYS IN C++ ..........................................................................................................................73
9.1 DECLARATION OF ARRAYS ..........................................................................................................73
9.2 INITIALIZATION OF ARRAYS.........................................................................................................74
9.3 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAYS.....................................................................................................74
REVISION EXEERCISE 9 ..................................................................................................................77
10. FUNCTIONS IN C++ LANGUAGE........................................................................................................78
10.1 DECLARATION AND DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONS......................................................................78
10.2 DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION.....................................................................................................79
10.3 ARGUMENTS OF A FUNCTION...................................................................................................80
10.4 RETURN VALUES........................................................................................................................80
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REVISION EXERCISE 10 ..................................................................................................................80
11.0 CLASSES AND OBJECTS IN C++ ......................................................................................................81
11.1 BASICS OF C++ CLASSES ............................................................................................................81
11.2 DECLARATION OF A CLASS ........................................................................................................81
11.3 CREATION OF OBJECTS..............................................................................................................82
11.4 ACCESSING CLASS MEMBERS....................................................................................................83
11.5 DEFINITION OF MEMBER FUNCTIONS ......................................................................................83
11.5.1 OUTSIDE CLASS DEFINITION...............................................................................................83
11.5.2 INSIDE CLASS DEFINITION..................................................................................................84
REVISION EXEERCISE 11 ................................................................................................................86
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................88 [Show Less]