A heart rate greater than 100 is said to be a ______________.
bundle branch block
tachycardia
bradycardia
myocardium - ANSWER tachycardia
When some
... [Show More] sinus impulses get through to ventricles and some do not, resulting in dropped beats, it is considered to be what kind of AV block?
second-degree block
third-degree block
complete heart block
first-degree block - ANSWER. second-degree block
Somatic tremor artifact is commonly caused by _______________.
electrical interference
respirations
patient movement
lotion on the skin interfering with the signal - ANSWER. patient movement
Atrial fibrillation has _______________.
P waves of multiple shapes
no P waves at all
P waves with uniform shape
sawtooth-shaped waves between the QRS complexes - ANSWER no P waves at all
Which of the following statements about the right atrium is true?
It is a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
It is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood coming from the vena cava.
It is the major pumping chamber of the heart.
It is about 100% saturated with oxygen. - ANSWER xxIt is a receiving chamber for oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
It is the receiving chamber for deoxygenated blood coming from the vena cava.
Ventricular relaxation occurs during ____________.
systole
diastole
between the lubb and dub of the heart sounds
low blood pressure - ANSWER diastole
An abnormal heart rhythm resulting from impulses coming from a locus of tissue in the area of the atrioventicular node is called _______.
junctional rhythm
bundle branch block
myocardial infarction
atrial infarct - ANSWER junctional rhythm
if the patient's rhythm changes, what should you do FIRST?
look for P waves
calculate the heart rate, rhythm, and intervals
assess your patient for signs of decreased cardiac output
change the lead to see if the rhythm is real or if it's artifact - ANSWER assess your patient for signs of decreased cardiac output
When there is a delay in transmission of sinus impulses to the ventricle resulting in a prolonged PR interval, the AV block is considered to be a _________.
second-degree block
third-degree block
complete heart block
first-degree block - ANSWER first-degree block
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a PVC?
the T wave and the QRS are pointed in opposite directions
the T wave and the QRS are pointed in the same direction
the beat is premature and arises before the next normal beat is expected
there is a compensatory pause after the premature ventricular complex - ANSWER the T wave and the QRS are pointed in the same direction
Atrial flutter has an atrial rate _________________.
between 40 and 60
between 60 and 100
between 250 and 350
greater than 100 but less than 200 - ANSWER between 250 and 350
Pulmonary veins deliver blood to the ___________.
right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle - ANSWER left atrium
When there is no cardiac electrical activity, this is called ____________.
death
a myocardial infarction
asystole
P wave asystole - ANSWER asystole
Sinus arrhythmia is __________.
always a sign of cardiac disease
always a problem with the electrical conduction system of the heart
always a dangerous situation requiring emergency care
most often a normal phenomenon reflecting variations in heart rate with inspiration and expiration - ANSWER most often a normal phenomenon reflecting variations in heart rate with inspiration and expiration
A stress test is _______.
a diagnostic procedure to help assess how stressed a person is using physiological parameters
a diagnostic procedure that is usually performed to help diagnose coronary heart disease
a diagnostic procedure that is used to test for hypertension
a very dangerous procedure not often performed - ANSWER a diagnostic procedure that is usually performed to help diagnose coronary heart disease
The ventricle's inherent rate is __________ beats per minute.
20-40
40-60
60-80
60-100 - ANSWER 20-40
The T wave represents __________________.
atrial depolarization
atrial repolarization
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization - ANSWER ventricular repolarization
The PR interval in Figure 2 is closest to ____________.
Figure 2
0.28 second
0.12 second
0.40 second
0.04 second - ANSWER 0.12 second
The heart rate in Figure 1 is closest to ______________.
Figure 1
150
50
100
70 - ANSWER 70
Joining Leads I, II, and III at their ends produces ____________.
the hexiaxial diagram
Einthoven's triangle
the precordial leads
the triaxial diagram - ANSWER Einthoven's triangle
A stress test preparation requires all of the following EXCEPT _________.
asking the patient to avoid consuming a large meal at least four hours prior to the test
use of a 12-lead EKG
asking the patient to refrain from taking any prescribed medication
asking the patient to take all medications as directed - ANSWER asking the patient to refrain from taking any prescribed medication
The most accurate way to determine heart rate is to count the number of _________________.
P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip
QRS complexes on a 6-second strip and multiply by 10
QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip
P waves on a 6-second strip and multiply by 10 - ANSWER QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip
Sinus tachycardias causes can include which of the following?
Congestive heart failure
Anxiety
Fever
All of the above - ANSWER All of the above
Which valves open to allow the ventricles to fill?
Aortic and mitral
Tricuspid and mitral
Tricuspid and pulmonic
Aortic and pulmonic - ANSWER Tricuspid and mitral
A dysrhythmia is __________.
a predisposition to a myocardial infarction
a definite sign of heart disease
an abnormal heart rhythm
always a positive deflection on an EKG strip - ANSWER an abnormal heart rhythm
The phase of the action potential characterized by a sharp, tall upstroke of the curve and the cell receives an impulse from a neighboring cell and depolarizes is called ___________.
Phase 4 - Resting
Phase 0 - Depolarization
Phase 1 - Repolarization
Phase 3 - Rapid repolarization - ANSWER Phase 0 - Depolarization
The layer of the heart that is damaged during a heart attack is the ____________.
epicardium
pericardium
endocardium
myocardium - ANSWER myocardium
If a pacemaker fails to fire, what is shown on the EKG?
tall, pointy T waves
lack of pacemaker spikes where they should be
paced beats on top of intrinsic beats
a flat line - ANSWER lack of pacemaker spikes where they should be
The first step in 12 lead EKG interpretation is to __________.
determine the axis quadrant
interpret the basics
check for bundle branch blocks
check for myocardial infarction or ischemia - ANSWER interpret the basics
The term for slow heart is _________.
bradycardia
tachycardia
ectopic
fibrillation - ANSWER bradycardia
The aVR lead has its positive pole on the __________.
left arm
right foot
right arm
left foot - ANSWER right arm
Depolarization is a(n) __________________.
mechanical event that should result in repolarization
mechanical event that should result in depolarization
electrical event that should result in muscle contraction
electrical event that should result in muscle relaxation - ANSWER electrical event that should result in muscle contraction
Using the memory method for calculating overall heart rate, which of the following sequences is correct?
300-150-100-75-60-50-43-37-33-30
300-200-100-75-60-55-50-45-40-35-30
300-150-75-37-20
300-150-100-75-60-55-45-35-30 - ANSWER 300-150-100-75-60-50-43-37-33-30
A VOO pacemaker is _______________.
an artificial pacemaker that paces the ventricle
an artificial pacemaker that senses the patient's P waves
an artificial pacemaker that senses the patient's atria
fa ixed-rate pacemaker that fires at a programmed rate regardless of the patient's own heart rate at the time - ANSWER fa ixed-rate pacemaker that fires at a programmed rate regardless of the patient's own heart rate at the time
Lead I shows the difference in electrical voltage between which limbs?
right arm and left foot
right arm and right foot
right arm and left arm
left arm and right foot - ANSWER right arm and left arm
A non-sinus pacemaker is called a(n) ___________.
atrial pacemaker
ectopic pacemaker
ventricular pacemaker
artificial pacemaker - ANSWER ectopic pacemaker
Which of these statements about the sinus node is FALSE?
It has the fastest inherent rate of all the possible pacemaker sites.
It fires at an inherent rate of 60-100.
It is the slowest pacemaker of the heart
It is the normal pacemaker of the heart - ANSWER It is the slowest pacemaker of the heart
The mean rate is calculated by counting the number of ________________.
P waves on a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10
QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip
P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip
QRS complexes on a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10 - ANSWER QRS complexes on a 6-second strip and multiplying by 10
A PAC is _________.
a premature ventricular complex
a premature atrial complex
a precordial artififact
a postatrial contraction - ANSWER a premature atrial complex
The target heart rate for a 60-year-old man having a stress test is __________.
160
190
220
280 - ANSWER 160
The first heart sound (S1) is _____________________.
associated with closing of heart valves
only heard in children or adolescents
the sound of the ventricles contracting
the sound of the electrical impulse moving through the heart - ANSWER associated with closing of heart valves
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to stress testing?
mild to moderate aortic stenosis
a first degree heart block
hypertension
unstable angina or angina at rest - ANSWER unstable angina or angina at rest
When referring to an artificial pacemaker, capture means ________________.
the depolarization of the chamber being paced, causing a P wave or QRS complex following the pacemaker spike
the generation of an electrical stimulus which causes a pacemaker spike on the EKG
the pacemaker's ability to recognize intrinsic beats to decide if it needs to fire
the invasive procedure required for inserting the lead into the vein - ANSWER the depolarization of the chamber being paced, causing a P wave or QRS complex following the pacemaker spike
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a normal (sinus) rhythm?
Narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape and regularly spaced
QRS intervals less than 0.12 seconds
PR interval below 0.12 seconds
Heart rate between 60-100 - ANSWER PR interval below 0.12 seconds
The cardiac cycle's two phases are _________and __________.
systole; diastole
preload; afterload
isovolumetric relaxation; contraction
atrial kick; ventricular filling - ANSWER systole; diastole
The aVF lead __________________.
is a precordial lead
has its positive pole on the left arm
is a bipolar lead
is an augmented lead - ANSWER is an augmented lead
Examine Figure 3. This rhythm can best be described as _____________.
Figure 3
sinus block
sinus tachycardia
sinus rhythm
sinus bradycardia - ANSWER sinus bradycardia
When an artificial pacemaker fails to send out its electrical stimulus when it should, this is called a ________________________ malfunction.
failure to fire
loss of capture
undersensing
oversensing - ANSWER failure to fire
Regarding P waves in atrial flutter, which statement is true?
P waves change shape constantly.
P waves have an atrial rate of about 100.
The P waves are all tall and pointy.
There are no P waves; they're called flutter waves. - ANSWER There are no P waves; they're called flutter waves.
Augmented leads are _____________.
the same as precordial leads
leads that view the heart from different angles and in which the EKG machine must increase the voltage
the same as bipolar leads
Leads I, II, and III - ANSWER leads that view the heart from different angles and in which the EKG machine must increase the voltage [Show Less]