Ethnic conflict and contested borders in Iraq and Syria - ANS-▫️Middle East - unhappy
fit between state borders and regions ethnic map.
▫️Root
... [Show More] cause of ongoing conflict is Sykes-picot line. Drawn by Great Britain and France
in 1916.
▫️Large Kurdish populations of 25million distributed between 4 states, turkey, Iran, Iraq
and Syria.
▫️Large Sunni and Shia Muslim population also divided.
▫️Much of 21st century, region been mired with conflict and instability.
▫️Terrorist organisations (Daesh and al-Qaeda) have shown little respect for borders or
human rights.
▫️Daesh took advantage of power vacuums in Iraq.
▫️Syria also entered a civil war.
▫️Daesh wages jihad against other religions, annihilating minority communities such as
Christian Assyrians, Kurds, Shabaks, Turkmens and Yazidis.
IN ORDER TO STOP THIS
▫️Daesh must be contained and defeated, political and cultural rehabilitation needs to
take place and the hope that geopolitical stability returns is needed.
Rural-urban Migration within China - ANS-▫️China, example of how global systems
have encouraged rural-urban migration.
▫️Mass migration, good news for China's economy. 1978, 20% of China's population
lived in cities, today figure is 55%.
▫️Relocation of 400 million rural people gave many Chinese cities a 'site factor' certain
to attract FDI.
▫️Chinese governments authorisation of free movement can be viewed as a rational
economic decision allowing china to benefit from globalisation.
▫️'Migrant miracle' that followed underpinned 30 years of rapid economic growth.
Rural-urban Migration in Spain - ANS-▫️Core-periphery growth in Spain has
accelerated to such extent that Celtiberian Highlands, rural region of Madrid, has been
abandoned.
▫️Decades of depopulation, 8 people per square kilometre.
▫️Provinces such as Terual and Sofia have 600 villages with fewer than 100 people
and an average age of 57.
▫️High rural unemployment has meant young people continue to seek new
opportunities in Madrid and Barcelona.
▫️Spains low birth rate means rural recovery is unlikely.
▫️When local schools shut, threshold or tipping point is often reached, from which there
is no return.
International Migration inside the EU Schengen Area - ANS-▫️Process of coreperiphery polarisation is repeated at larger spatial scales.
▫️Within EU, free movement of labour has helped international core-periphery pattern
develop.
▫️EU core region encompasses southern England, north France, Belgium and much of
western Germany.
▫️Includes cities such as London, Paris, Brussels and Berlin.
▫️Labour migration flows from eastern and Southern Europe are overwhelmingly
directed towards these places.
▫️Most national border controls in EU removed in 1995 when Schengen Agreement
implemented. Enables easier movement of people and goods within EU, means that
passports do not usually need to be shown at borders, UK did not sign, preferring to
keep its border controls.
▫️Eastern Europe nations implemented agreement in 2007-2008. Schengen brings
benefits as labour can move where demanded, but also costs - once someone is in one
EU country, they can move to others.
▫️In recent years, most EU states have witnessed the growth of populace movements
opposed to this arrangement.
▫️Fears of terrorism and uncontrolled refugee movements have led some people to
question the wisdom of free movement.
Migration Policies in Singapore, Japan and Australia - ANS-▫️Singapore (liberal
migration) - rated as an emerging economy. Now a developed nation, city-state is
unusual in many respects. 5 million people, great ethnic diversity due to past as British
colonial port and subsequent transformation into worlds fourth largest financial centre.
Many global businesses/institutions have located their Asia-pacific head offices in
Singapore, including credit suites and international baccalaureate. Many foreign
workers/families have relocated there, AAR, Singapore has many international schools.
▫️Japan (strict migration) - less than 2% of the Japanese population is foreign or
foreign born. Despite growing status of japan being global hub from 1960s onwards,
migration rules make it tough for newcomers to settle permanently. Nationality law
makes acquisition of Japanese citizenship by resident foreigners a goal. Japan faces
challenge of ageing population. There will be three workers per two retirees by 2060,
many people think that japans government will need to loosen grip on immigration...
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