Piaget Believed we learn from interaction with peers and environment
Preconventional All about me
Conventional All about rules or
... [Show More] laws
Postconventional All about others
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional
Chomsky Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological
Babbling- 6 to 8 months Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma)
Holophrastic- 9 to 18 months Single words represent a sentence (up, juice, mine)
Two-Word- 18 to 24 months Mini sentences (doggy bark, me play)
Telegraphic- 24 to 30 months Vocabulary increases. Use mostly nouns and verbs, omits auxiliary words (Carrie want ball, I good boy today)- early multiword stage
Later multiword stage- 30+ months 5+ word sentences, fastest vocabulary increase. Sentences formed with improving grammar, structure
Skinner Operant conditioning and language development- children learn language based on reinforcement
Operant Conditioning and Language Development Children learn language based on reinforcement, learn language through imitating, prompting, shaping, they associate words with meanings, correct utterances are positively reinforced- Skinner
Vygotsky Social approach to language development
Social Approach to Language Development language develops through social interactions, children need interpersonal interactions, Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), scaffolding (temp support), Private speech (talking to yourself)
Spearman General intelligence (g factor)
Thurnstone 7 factor intelligence
Sternberg successful intelligence
Gardner Multiple intelligences
Behavioral theory teacher directed, basic skills, direct instruction, immediate feedback & correction, reinforcement- positive/negative, punishment- time-out, shaping, token economy, computer-based tutorials
Constructivist Theory Student-centered, building knowledge, lego builders, build schema- student constructs own knowledge, real world, learn from others, scaffolding, ZPD, project based learning, virtual learning
Cooperative Collaborative Theory learning together, social butterflies, interacting, mixed groups, encourage each other, individual accountability, equal opportunity for success, model social behaviors
Information-processing/Social Cognitive Memory, metacognitive knowledge, sensory register, working memory, Self-regulation/control, modeling, attention getting devices, chunking, concept mapping
Humanistic Feelings, emotions, self-perception, motivation, safe-welcoming environment, growth needs, student choice, creative learning
Formative Assessment Check FOR learning- progress, occurs during instruction, provides feedback to determine student learning and inform instruction and reteaching
Summative Assessment Sum OF learning- focus is on outcome of learning or result, occurs after instruction, provides grades, measures overall student achievement
Written Assessment grading is objective (right/wrong, use answer key), measures degree of knowledge, lower level skills
Performance Assessment Grading is subjective (based on judgement, use rubric), measures ability to do something, portfolios, demonstrations
Selected response multiple choice, true/false, matching
Constructed response short answer, essay
Norm-Referenced Grading Based on a normed score, compares student's scores to each other, grading on a curve, bell curve, reports how you did compared to how you could have done
Criterion-Referenced Grading Based on standards or set criteria, Pass based on mastery or proficiency, reports information about strengths and weaknesses
Piaget believed this was important thinking symbolically
A child understands that a deflated balloon can be filled with air. According to Piaget, which cognitive level is he demonstrating? Concrete operational
According to Vygotsky, what should a teacher do to help a student move through the zone of proximal development? Provide instructional scaffolding
Explaining the commutative property in addition is an characteristic example of which stage Concrete operational
A child watching his parents brush their teeth is an example of learning from a _________, according to Vygotsky. More knowledgeable other
At which stage would a child be expected to tie shoes? Primary school
True or false: Females usually complete physical growth before males True
Which stage does a child refine motor coordination? Middle childhood physical development stage
Who said justifying a moral decision on the basis of self-chosen principles even when their is a conflict with official rules and laws is a characteristic of his final stage of the moral development theory? Kohlberg
In which age range does Erikson's industry v. inferiority stage of psychosocial development occur? 5-12 years
True or False: According to Bandura, physical capabilities can affect reproduction. True
Removing a restriction if a child pays attention in class, is an example of a negative reinforcement in ___________'s Theory of Operant Conditioning. Skinner
Repeating vowel sounds is identified in the _____________ stage of the language development process. babbling
Uttering single words is in the ________________ stage of language development. holophrastic
When able to make a sentence with a subject, verb and object, the child is in the ____________ stage of language development. Telegraphic
A student is most likely experiencing ____ ______ when there is a sudden drop in their grades and the way they dress for school. peer pressure
A student [Show Less]