Glycolysis and Fermentation
Assignment (72 pts.)
Find the answers to questions 1 – 28 in your ACE Biology on online lecture.
1. Is oxygen required
... [Show More] for glycolysis?
No
2. Define glycolysis.
The breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
3. Why is ATP needed to initiate glycolysis?
ATP provides the energy.
4. Describe the first reaction in glycolysis. Is this reaction catalyzed by an
enzyme? (2 points)
One molecule of ATP donates it terminal phosphate to the glucose molecule.
Yes, the reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme.
5. Define phosphorylation.
The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
6. Describe the second reaction of glycolysis.
The reaction converts the glucose-6-phosphate into fructose-6-phosphate.
7. The transfer of phosphate groups to glucose and fructose is not a 100%
transfer of energy. Some energy is lost. In what form is this lost energy?
The form of the lost energy is heat.
8. What regulates the speed of the glycolysis pathway?
The enzyme that catalyzes regulates the speed of the glycolysis pathway.
9. Describe reaction three of glycolysis.
The diphosphorylated six-carbon compound (fructose 1,6-diphosphate) is
split between the third and fourth carbons.
10. What does PGAL stand for? Give the two names for PGAL.
PGAL is 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde, also called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
11. What is the energy situation for the cell at the end of glycolysis step
three? Has the cell gained new ATP? If so, how much? Has there been an
input of ATP by the cell into the glycolysis reactions? If so, how much?
This study source was downloaded by 100000823950634 from CourseHero.com on 06-21-2021 09:26:53 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/73453239/Glycolysis-and-Fermentation-Assignmentdocx/
This study resource was
shared via CourseHero.com
The loss of two molecules of ATP. All the reactions up to this point have been
preparatory.
12. Describe reaction 4 of glycolysis.
It is a complicated one that begins the changes leading to production of new
ATP, is really two reactions in one.
13. Define oxidation.
A loss of electrons.
14. Define reduction.
A gain of electrons.
15. What is NAD?
an electron acceptor
16. Define coenzyme.
An organic molecule required as part of a functional enzyme complex.
17. Describe reaction 5 of glycolysis. In your answer, note what is especially
important in this reaction regarding ATP.
Transfers the high-energy phosphate groups to ADP, to form two new
molecules of ATP.
18. Describe reaction 6 of glycolysis, which is a series of several reactions
that do what?
Several reactions that convert the remaining phosphate groups into energyrich phosphate.
19. Describe reaction 7 of glycolysis. In your answer, note what is important
in this reaction regarding ATP. What other product molecules are formed?
The 2 phosphate groups are transferred to ADP. Two more ATP molecules are
formed plus two molecules of a three-carbon compound named pyruvic acid
(also called pyruvate).
20. What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?
Net gain of ATP is 2.
21. Define substrate level phosphorylation.
ATP formation by transferring, via an enzyme, a phosphate group to ADP.
22. If no oxygen is available to accept electrons from NADre where do the
electrons go?
Pyruvic acid (also called pyruvate) formed by glycolysis accepts electrons
from NADre. [Show Less]