DISORDERS- UNIT 3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
BTEC HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE EXTENDED
DIPLOMA LEVEL 3 LATEST UPDATE 2023 A+
coronary heart disease (CHD)
... [Show More] causes - ANSWER--Smoking cigarettes
-Genes
-Obesity
-caused by build-up of atheroma in arteries
-hypertension
CHD symptoms - ANSWER--Angina- often worse after exercise
-Breathlessness
-Weakness
CHD effects - ANSWER--clogged arteries from build-up of cholesterol
-^ this can lead to heart attacks or heart failure
-reduced blood flow
-^this may also lead to a stroke
stroke causes - ANSWER--smoking
-genetics
-obesity
-excessive alcohol or drug use
stroke symptoms - ANSWER--Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg,
especially on one side of the body
-Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination, or trouble walking
-Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding
-Sudden trouble seeing •Sudden severe headache
stroke effects - ANSWER-- Paralysis on one side of the body
- Difficulty talking or swallowing
- Memory loss or thinking difficulties
- Emotional problems
- if left untreated could cause death
anaemia causes - ANSWER--lack of iron in diet
-blood loss
-pregnancy
anaemia symptoms - ANSWER--tiredness; lack of energy
-shortness of breath
-pale skin
anaemia effects - ANSWER--less red blood cells= less oxygen around the body
-lack of oxygen= less ATP produced therefore less energy in the body
asthma causes - ANSWER--allergies
-respiratory tract infections
-exercise
-drugs
-exposure to irritants
-exposure to cold air
asthma symptoms - ANSWER--shortness of breath
-wheezing
-coughing
asthma effects - ANSWER--weakened lungs means less oxygen to the body
-^less ATP made= less energy
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes - ANSWER--smoking
-fumes/ dust; usually from work
-genetics
COPD symptoms - ANSWER--coughing
-shortness of breath
-frequent chest infections
COPD effects - ANSWER--less oxygen intake= less ATP= low energy
-scarred lungs= more likely to pick up infections+ diseases e.g. lung cacner
pneumonia causes - ANSWER--often found in already vulnerable service users, such
as the elderly
-viruses
pneumonia symptoms - ANSWER--coughing
-fatigue
-high temperature
-fever
-'crackles' in breathing
pneumonia effects - ANSWER--build up of fluid in lungs reduces oxygen intake
-less ATP
-bacteria from pneumonia can get into your bloodstream and cause septic shock.
muscular dystrophy causes - ANSWER--gene mutations; usually inherited from parents
muscular dystrophy symptoms - ANSWER--frequent falls
-difficulty with mobility
-learning disabilities
-waddling gait
muscular dystrophy effects - ANSWER--degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers= less
mobility
- can affect cardiac muscles= less blood flow and therefore less oxygen spread
throughout body
-can affect muscles involved with swallowing= lack of nutrients
fractures causes - ANSWER--falls
-low bone density
-overuse
fractures symptoms - ANSWER--intense pain
-numbness/tingling
-swelling
fractures effects - ANSWER--potential reduced mobility
- potnetial need for surgery if fracture is near vital organs/ blood vessels e.g. femur
osteoarthritis causes - ANSWER--genetics
-age
-joint injury/overusing it after an operation or injury
osteoarthritis symptoms - ANSWER--joint pain/ stiffness
-crackling sensation in joints
osteoarthritis effects - ANSWER--reduced mobility
-heart problems (arthritis can increase risk of hardened arteries)
-inflammation of the wrists can compress nerves causing carpal tunnel syndrome
osteoporosis causes - ANSWER--overactive thyroid gland
-sex (women are more likely to develop it due to drop in hormones in menopause)
-genetics
osteoporosis symptoms - ANSWER--stooped posture
-back pain
-loss of height
osteoporosis effects - ANSWER--reduced mobility from pain
-fractures can compress on vital nerves causing disabilities
ulcers causes - ANSWER--bacteria
-Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
-inflammation of a cut
-lifestyle factors e.g. spicy foods or excessive alcohol use
ulcers symptoms - ANSWER--bloating
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