Our eyes provide two types of visions: - Answer- Central vision, Peripheral or side vision
Central vision, Peripheral or side vision - Answer- central
... [Show More] vision covers about three degrees of our visual field and peripheral vision, or side vision, covers the rest.
Observed using peripheral vision - Answer- cars entering our field of vision from the side, or warning lights from ambulances, police cars, and other emergency vehicles
1. AIM HIGH— - Answer- Look ahead, not down. The experienced driver's attention is focused on the road ahead with his or her central vision following the intended path of travel.
2. KEEP YOUR EYES MOVING— - Answer- A good driver concentrates on selecting details in the traffic scene.
3. GET THE BIG PICTURE— - Answer- Search the whole scene; check the rearview mirrors.
Source: Using Your Eyes Effectively movie by AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety
perception time - Answer- The length of time it takes a driver to identify a situation is called perception time. Perception time depends on visibility, the driver's physical condition, and the road situation. Effectively scanning the road ahead will shorten your required perception time.
Identify, Predict, Decide, and Execute (IPDE): - Answer- -is an organized thinking and acting process that you should use over and over again when you are driving.
-This is the step-by-step process behind the principles of defensive driving and complexities of visual perception in traffic.
The four steps of the IPDE process are: - Answer- I—Identify—Locate potential hazards within the driving scene.
P—Predict—Judge where the possible points of conflict may occur.
D—Decide—Determine what action to take, when, and where to take it.
E—Execute—Act by maneuvering the car to avoid conflicts.
There are three basic elements to space management: - Answer- Speed control, Lane positioning, Communication
Your most important goal in managing your road space is to achieve balance of these three tools at all times.
three types of condition - Answer- 1) Open Conditions
(2) Closed Conditions
(3) Changing Conditions
1) Open Conditions - Answer- This means that you have a space or a larger area in which to drive that is without restrictions—you see only wide, open spaces on the road ahead, with no restrictions around your car—you are free to move forward or to change lanes without conflict.
(2) Closed Conditions - Answer- A closed zone means that it is not available for your car's path of travel—that there is a restriction to the driver's view or that space is unavailable in a particular zone.
(3) Changing Conditions - Answer- This often occurs when the driving situation changes from an open to a closed zone. Changing conditions can include speed limits, roadway or weather conditions, lane width, environmental conditions, visibility, traffic flow, time of day, traffic controls, etc. Each of these conditions should have an influence on what speed is appropriate, the path of travel, and what type of communication is used.
Professor Frederik R. Mottola's Space Area Zone Control: - Answer- -There are seven basic areas of operating space around the vehicle.
-A zone is an area of space around a vehicle that is the width of a lane and extends as far as the driver can see.
-The vehicle occupies the central area, or Zone 7.
-Each area must be managed in order to reduce risk of collision.
following distance - Answer- 3 seconds
increase the following distance in of cases - Answer- following a motorcycle, pull a trailer, carry a heavy load, drive in adverse weather conditions or slippery roads.
avoid a collision, drivers have three options: - Answer- 1. Stop
2. Turn (or steer away)
3. Speed up
If your tires suddenly blow out, do the following: - Answer- -Do not slam on the brakes.
-Take your foot off the accelerator and gently apply the brakes.
-Steer straight ahead to a stop.
-When you are able to do so safely, pull the vehicle off the road.
If your headlights suddenly go out, do the following: - Answer- -First, try your dimmer switch. Often that will turn them back on again.
-Try the headlight switch a few times. If that does not work, use your parking lights, hazard lights, or turn signals.
-Pull off the road as soon as you can and leave your hazard lights on so that other cars can see you.
If you are driving and the hood of your car flies open, do the following: - Answer- -Slow down.
-Try to look underneath the hood at the road ahead.
-If that is not possible put your head out the window and look around the hood.
-Use the painted center line or lane markings as a guide.
-As soon as possible, pull off the road, put your hazard lights on, and then deal with the hood problem.
If your accelerator gets stuck down, do the following: - Answer- -Shift to neutral.
-Apply the brakes.
-Keep your eyes on the road and look for a way out.
-Warn other drivers by blinking and flashing your hazard lights.
-Try to drive the car safely off the road.
-Turn off the ignition when you no longer need to [Show Less]