hunter/gatherer societies
societies in which men started to hunt and women gathered readily available foods
hiearchy of needs
before human can
... [Show More] turn their attention to finer things in life, humans need to focus on their primary needs- physiological- they must have enough to eat or drink and a warm place to sleep- security and safety- river settlements were the easiest to defend because water helped protect them
the four characteristics of civilization
writing, mathematics, sicence, philosophy and arts
the Fertile Crescent
the river valleys near the Tigres and Euphrates and Nile Rivers, which were the cradle of civlization
Hammurabi's Code
the first written form of law and came from the Babylonian times
the Iron Age
led to the destruction of early civilizations like the Egyptians, Assyrians and Babylonians through the development of iron weapons
monotheism
- the practice of worshipping one god
Sumeria
early civilization that encouraged material progress, including large-scale irrigation projects, an advancced system of mathematics and invention of the wheel
Babylonians
early civilization that conquered Sumeria and established the Code of Hammurabi was the first written code to regulate society- achieved central government and advancements in algebra and geomoetry
Assyria
early civilization that developed military techniques and iron weapons, also had postal service,extensive library and system of highways
Chaldeans
early civilization established as a new Babylonian empire under king Nebuchadnezzar- develop astronomy, astrology, advanced government bureaucracy and architectural achievements such as the Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Persians
early civilization that attempt to unify the near East under zoroastrianism zoroastrianism- an ethical religion based on the concepts of good and evil
Phonecians
early civilizaion that was the first explorers, traders and colonizers of the anfcient world and develop the first alphabet
Lydians
early civilization that occupied the western Asia minor and were responsible for the first coinage of money
Israelites
early civililzation that developed the first lasting monotheism
Ancient Egypt
early civilization that established hierogyphic writing system, had a basic agricultural system and polytheistic belief, and whose culture depended on the annual flooding of the Nile as the basis for a sustained economy
Confucius
Chinese philosopher who developed the idea of Confucianism
Confucianism
Chinese philosophy with a focus on concept of respect to one's family, parents, government and rulers- supported tendency to respect authority
Lao-tzu
Chinese philospher who built up concept of yin and yang to form Taoism
Taoism
a Chinese philosophy based on the the idea of balance- one must strive to be aware of the order and harmony of all existence and live accordingly to it
Genghis Khan
Mongol leader who took over the Chinese
Kublai Khan
Mongol ruler that first opened China to the West through explorer Marco Polo
the Ming Dynasty
Chinese dynasty that ousted the Mongols and then limited contact with the West through isolationism
Guatama Buddha
prince who was born in India who went ona mission to discover the sources of human suffering- taught that suffering is the fiailure to control one's own desires- foudner of buddhism
karma
Buddhist idea that fate is earned
reincarnation
Buddhist idea of re-birth after death
Hinduism
a belief develoepd that an individual's karma caused their birth in one of four social groups, or castes, from the Brahmins to the Untouchables- modern India outlawed the caste system after the Mahatma Gandhi
Mughuls
a family that united and ruled most of India and built The Taj Mahal
daimyo
a feudal lord in feudal Japan
shogun
a feudal king in feudal Japan
samurai
equal to a vassal or knight in feudal Japan
Feudal Japan
ancient Asian civilization that developed own language and system of writing, literature and poetry, Shinto religion
mythology
religious stories about gods and goddesses who had human-style weaknesses and disagreements
Illiad and Odyssey
works by the Greek writer Homer
ancient Greek
ancient civilization that we owe our literary heritage, science, mathematics and democratic forms of governments
Alexander the Great
Greek leader who conquered Persia, Asia Minor, and egypt to establish a world empire
Age of Pericles
the zenith of Athenian society and the hight of its democracy
Rome
ancient empire that conquered Greece about 500 years after the founding of Rome. at its heydey, it took over most of Europe, Middle East and Mid Africa
Punic Wars
following a battle with Carthage, Rome emerged as the dominant power in the mediterranean
Pax Romana
a period of peace for two centuries without a major war
The Justinian Code
the basic of justice systems used throughout the western world
Causes of Rome's fall
continuous barbaric invatsion, political dinstsability, decreasing farm production, inflation, excessive taxation, decline of missionaries, rise of Christianity divided the empire, attacked by Germanic warriors from northern Europe
Holy bible
the Christian Word of God
Paul the Apostle
Christian disciple responsible for the spread of Christian theology [Show Less]