overt inflectional ending
adding an s to change something to present tense third person. doesnt change whether its a noun or verb etc
Pidgin
A
... [Show More] simplified contact language made up of two or more languages
pragmatics
Fcous on language as a tool for communication. It looks at how different types of sentences or phrases are used in different contexts or for different purposes
Morphology
Branch of linguistics that deals with the internal structure and forms of words. It is concerned with the rules for use of morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in a language
The great vowel shift
Pronunciation of the long vowels in the english language slowly changed. spelling no longer correlated with pronunciation. 15th century
phoneme
smallest unit of speech sound. Throat has 4. th r oa t
Chomsky's theory of universal grammar
children can use pretty good grammar without knowing the rules. innate capacity of children to learn language fast
decoding
The ability to translate the symbols of letters and words into meaningful information
Hypercorrection
When a person who has been corrected for a mistake in usage makes further mistakes in trying to avoid the original error
Acquisition system
Krashen's research. ___ system is the most important and depends on natural meaningful communication in the target language
Old english or anglo saxon
Language developed from the germanic dialects spoken by tribes migrating from northern europe about 500CE
Etymology
word origin
Pragmatic competence
The ability to understand the true meaning or insinuated meaning of an utterance or passage of writing
borrowing
When a speaker switches to his or her first language to use words or phrases for which he or she doesnt know an equivalent in the second language. Result could be spanglish
Negative transfer
When a speaker uses skills from a previously learned behavior or topic but applies it incorrectly to a new one. ex: changing take to taked because of fake to faked
noncount noun
a noun that cannot be divided into parts such as "The furniture"
Cohesion alalysis
A method of analyzing how the parts of a work come together to create the overall effect or convey the message
Semantics
Deals with word meanings, sentence meanings, and contextual understanding for oral/written communication
Affective filter
...
old middle modern
Three periods of english language
northumbrian mercian west saxon kentish
four major dialects of old english
beowulf
oldest english preserved epic
norman conquest of 1066
course of the english language changed to middle english because of. brought french influences
statute of pleading
1362 ______ made english official language of legal proceedings in england
1476
when did book printing start
dialect
The variation of a language spoken by inhabitants of a particular geographical area
Creolization
when a pidginin language grows until it has native speakers like Creole which was a mix of african and french languages
Linguistics
The systematic study of language in order to find general principles and structures that link human languages. includes many subfields
Syntax
The composition of sentences
Phonology
The sound patterns of words and phrases
Phonetics
The actual properties of speech sounds and non speech sounds. The study of how speech sounds are made and understood
Semantics
The meaning of words
Pragmatics
Language usage in context
Sociolinguistics
language and society
grammar
morphology syntax and phonology are all part of
Atomistic
1800s approach to language. labguage is a collection of speech sounds, words, and gramattical endings
structuralist
Early 20th century approach to linguistics. revolutionized by saussure. views language as a system where each element of sound and meaning is defined by its relation to other elements
generative grammar
chomsky's theory that people share an innate and universal set of linguistic structures which is why young children can learn language so easily.
Universal grammar
Chomsky's concept that is a set of principals that apply to all languages and are unconciously accessible to everyone. similarities due to common needs (such as for water) and common patterns of descent
Transformational grammar
languages have a shared deep structure and a variable surface structure [Show Less]