CSE review CRT/RRT Normal Values Exam 444 Questions with Verified Answers
Urine Output - CORRECT ANSWER 40 mL/hr.
Heart Rate (Adult) - CORRECT
... [Show More] ANSWER 60-100/min.
Diagnostic Chest Percussion - CORRECT ANSWER resonant
Breath Sounds - CORRECT ANSWER vesicular
Heart Sounds - CORRECT ANSWER S1, S2
Blood Pressure (Adult) - CORRECT ANSWER 120/80 mmHg
Inter Cranial Pressure (ICP) - CORRECT ANSWER Range 90/60 -140/90 mmHg
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) - CORRECT ANSWER 5-10 mmHg
70-90 mmHg
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) - CORRECT ANSWER 4-6 mill/mm3
Hemoglobin (Hb) - CORRECT ANSWER 12-16 gm/100 mL blood
Hematocrit (Hct) - CORRECT ANSWER 40-50 %
White Blood Cells - CORRECT ANSWER 5000 - 10000 per mm3
Potassium (K+) - CORRECT ANSWER 4.0 mEq/L range 3.5-4.5 mEq/L
Sodium (Na+) - CORRECT ANSWER 140 mEq/L range 135 -145 mEq/L
Chloride (Cl- - CORRECT ANSWER 90 mEq/L range 80-100 mEq/L
Bicarbonate (HCO3) - CORRECT ANSWER 24 mEq/L range 22-26 mEq/L
Creatine - CORRECT ANSWER 0.7 -1.3 mg/dl
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - CORRECT ANSWER 8-25 mg/dl
Clotting Time - CORRECT ANSWER up to 6 minutes
Platelet Count - CORRECT ANSWER 150,000 -400,000 /mm3
Activated Partial Tromboplastin Time (APPT) - CORRECT ANSWER 24-32 sec.
Prothrombin Time (PT) - CORRECT ANSWER 12-15 sec.
Thrombin Time - CORRECT ANSWER 7-12 sec.
Term Infant - CORRECT ANSWER 38 - 42 weeks
APGAR Score - CORRECT ANSWER 10-Jul
Temperature - CORRECT ANSWER 36.5 0C
Heart Rate - CORRECT ANSWER 110 - 160/min.
Respiratory Rate - CORRECT ANSWER 30 - 60 breaths /min
Blood Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 60/40 mmHg
Birth Weight (Term Infant - CORRECT ANSWER 3000 g
Dubositz Score - CORRECT ANSWER 40
New Ballard Score (NBS) - CORRECT ANSWER 40
Blood Glucose (Term Infant) - CORRECT ANSWER > 30mg/dl
L/S Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER 2:1 or higher
capnography (ETCO2) - CORRECT ANSWER 30 torr
3-5 %
pulse oximetry (SpO2) - CORRECT ANSWER 93 - 97%
co-oximetry - CORRECT ANSWER 1 - 3%
mean arterial pressure (MAP) - CORRECT ANSWER 93 -94 mmHg
right arterial pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 2 - 6 mmHg
4 - 12 cmH2O
right ventricle pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 25/0 mmHg
pulmonary arteries (PAP) - CORRECT ANSWER 25/8 mmHg
mean 13 - 14 mmHg
pulmonary capillary pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 8-10 mmHg
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) - CORRECT ANSWER 4-12 mmHg
left atrial pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 2 - 6 mmHg
left ventricle pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 120/80 mmHg
cardiac output - CORRECT ANSWER 4 - 8 L/min.
cardiac index - CORRECT ANSWER 2 - 4 L/min/m2
pulse pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 40 mmHg
systemic vascular resistance - CORRECT ANSWER < 20 mmHg/L/min. or
1600 Dynes/sec/m-5
pulmonary vascular resistance - CORRECT ANSWER < 2.5 mmHg/L/min or
200 Dynes/sec/cm-5
Cuff Pressure - CORRECT ANSWER <= 20 mmHg
Pre-Term Infant
ET tubes size - CORRECT ANSWER 2.5 - 3.0 mm
Term Infant
ET tubes size - CORRECT ANSWER 3.0 - 3.5 mm
Adult Male
ET tubes size - CORRECT ANSWER 8.0 - 9.0 mm
Adult Female
ET tubes size - CORRECT ANSWER 7.0 - 8.0 mm
Oral Intubation - CORRECT ANSWER 21 - 25 cm at lips
Nasal Intubation - CORRECT ANSWER 26 - 29 cm at nares
Body Humidity - CORRECT ANSWER 44 mg/L or 47 mmHg at 370C
PAO2 - CORRECT ANSWER Varies directly with patient's FIO2
A-aDO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 5 - 10 mmHg on 21% O2
25 - 65 mmHg on 100% O2
CaO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 17 - 20 vol%
CvO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 12 - 16 vol%
C(a-v)O2 - CORRECT ANSWER 4 - 5 vol%
PaO2/FIO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 380 torr or >
Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER 4 - 8 L/min
Qs/Qt - CORRECT ANSWER 3 - 5 %
SaO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 98%
range 95 - 100%
VD/VT Ratio - CORRECT ANSWER 20 - 40 %
PCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 40 torr
Range 35 - 45 torr
PaO2 - CORRECT ANSWER 97 torr
Range 80 - 100 torr
pH - CORRECT ANSWER 7.4
Range 7.35 -7.45
Newborn Arterial Blood Gas
PaCO2 - CORRECT ANSWER < 50 torr
Newborn Arterial Blood Gas
PaO2 - CORRECT ANSWER >60 torr
Calibration syringe - CORRECT ANSWER 3.0 liters
Range 2.859 - 3.105 L (+- 3.5%)
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) - CORRECT ANSWER -80 cmH20
Maximum Expiratory Pressure (MEP) - CORRECT ANSWER + 160 cmH2O
Vital Capacity (VC) - CORRECT ANSWER 80% of predicted or higher
FEV1 - CORRECT ANSWER 80% of predicted or higher
FEV1/FVC - CORRECT ANSWER 70%
FEF 200-1200 - CORRECT ANSWER 80% of predicted or higher
FEF25-75% - CORRECT ANSWER 80% of predicted or higher
Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) - CORRECT ANSWER 10 L/sec or 600L/min
Airway Resistance - CORRECT ANSWER 0.6 - 2.4 cmH2O/L/sec.
Compliance - CORRECT ANSWER 60 - 100 mL/cmH2O
DLCO - CORRECT ANSWER 23 mL CO/min/mmHg (STPD)
Tidal Volume (VT) - CORRECT ANSWER 5 - 8 mL/kg
Vital Capacity (VC) - CORRECT ANSWER 65 -75 mL/kg or 10*Vt
Respiratory Rate - CORRECT ANSWER 12 -20 breaths/min
Minute Ventilation (VE) - CORRECT ANSWER 5 - 6 L/min
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) - CORRECT ANSWER -80 cmH2O
Static Lung Compliance - CORRECT ANSWER +160 cmH2O
Mean Airway Pressure (PAW) - CORRECT ANSWER 5-10 cmH2O
Breathing Rate
adult - CORRECT ANSWER 10 -12 bpm or every 5-6 sec
Breathing Rate
child - CORRECT ANSWER 12 -20 bpm or ever 2 sec
Breathing Rate
infant - CORRECT ANSWER 12 - 20 bpm or ever 2 sec
Breathing Rate
newborn - CORRECT ANSWER 40 -60 bpm
Compression to Ventilation Ratio adult - CORRECT ANSWER 30:2 one and two rescuers
Compression to Ventilation Ratio
child - CORRECT ANSWER 30:2 one rescuer
Compression to Ventilation Ratio
child - CORRECT ANSWER 15:2 two rescuers
Compression to Ventilation Ratio
infant - CORRECT ANSWER 30:2 one rescuer
Compression to Ventilation Ratio
infant - CORRECT ANSWER 15:2 two rescuers
Compression to Ventilation Ratio
newborn - CORRECT ANSWER 3:1 one and two rescuers
Vd/Vt
Ventilator patients - CORRECT ANSWER Up to 60%
Vd/Vt - CORRECT ANSWER 20-40%
Qs/Qt
Shut
Normal patients - CORRECT ANSWER 3-5%
Qs/Qt
Shut
Tolerable - CORRECT ANSWER 10-20%
Qs/Qt
Shut
Life-threatening - CORRECT ANSWER 20-30%
Parameter
VT tidal volume
Normal - CORRECT ANSWER 5 to 8 mL per kilogram
Parameter
Vt
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER < 5 mL/ kilogram
Parameter
Vital capacity
Normal - CORRECT ANSWER 65-75 ML/KG
Or 10 x VT
Parameter
Vital capacity
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER < 10 ML/KG
Or
< 2X Vt
Parameter
Respiratory rate
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER > 20 breaths
Or
< 8 breaths
Parameter
Minute ventilation
Ve
Normal - CORRECT ANSWER 5-6L/minute
Parameter
Ve
Minute ventilation
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER > 10 L/min
Parameter
Maximum inspiratory pressure
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER < - 20 cm h2o
Parameter
maximum expiratory pressure
Unacceptable - CORRECT ANSWER <+40cm H20
Initial ventilator parameters phase 1
What are the two most important settings - CORRECT ANSWER Title volume and rate
In phase 1 ventilators where would you set the tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWER 8-12 ML per kilogram of ideal body weight
In phase 1 ventilator parameters when would you set the title volume lower - CORRECT ANSWER Patients with lung disease pneumonia ARDS ALI
Infant ventilator settings
What mode would you use - CORRECT ANSWER IMV/SIMV
Infant ventilator settings
What rate would you set - CORRECT ANSWER 20-30 breaths per minute
Infant ventilator settings
Where would you set the peak inspiratory pressure - CORRECT ANSWER 20-30 cm of water
Infant ventilator settings
Where would you set the Fio2 - CORRECT ANSWER 0.40-0.60 or same
FIO2
Infant ventilator settings
Where would you set the Peep - CORRECT ANSWER 2-4 cm of water
Increased in increments of 1 or 2 cm of water with maximum level of around 8 cm of water
Infant ventilator settings
Where would you set the flow - CORRECT ANSWER 5-6 L per minute
Infant ventilator settings
How would you set the I-time - CORRECT ANSWER 0.5-0.6 sec
How do you calculate volume lost two chest tubes - CORRECT ANSWER Deliverd Vt - exhaled Vt = loss volume
What is the formula to approximate F I O2 with a nasal cannula - CORRECT ANSWER 20+ (4 X liter flow) = approximate FiO2
What is the formula for the duration of flow - CORRECT ANSWER Duration (in minutes) = gage psi X tank factor/liter flow
What is the tank factor for E cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER .28
What is the tank factor for h cylinder - CORRECT ANSWER 3.14
If you hear the words lethargic somnolent or sleepy what should you consider - CORRECT ANSWER COPD O2 overdose or sleep apnea
If you hear the words stuporous or confused what should you consider - CORRECT ANSWER The patient is responding inappropriately, drug overdose, and detoxification
Semi comatose - CORRECT ANSWER Response only to painful stimuli
Obtunded - CORRECT ANSWER Drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reflex
Dyspnea grade V - CORRECT ANSWER Dyspnea at rest, shaving, dressing, etc...
When would you see venous distention - CORRECT ANSWER CHF
Patients with obstructive lung disease
What cheyne Stokes - CORRECT ANSWER Increased intracranial pressure, meningitis, drug overdose
Paradoxical pulse/pulses paradoxes - CORRECT ANSWER Pulse/blood-pressure varies with respiration
May indicate severe air trapping status asthmaticus or cardiac Tamponade
What is plural friction rub associated with - CORRECT ANSWER TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
What is indicated for a plural friction rub - CORRECT ANSWER Steroids in antibiotics
Fluffy infiltrates - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary Adema
Butterfly/batwing pattern - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary edema
Patchy infiltrates - CORRECT ANSWER Atelectasis
Platelike infiltrates - CORRECT ANSWER Atelectasis
Honeycomb pattern - CORRECT ANSWER ARDS/IRDS
Diffuse bilateral radiopacity - CORRECT ANSWER ARDS/IRDS
Air bronchogram - CORRECT ANSWER Pneumonia
Peripheral wedge shaped infiltrate - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary embolus
Concave superior interface border - CORRECT ANSWER Plural effusion
CT scan used to diagnose - CORRECT ANSWER Bronchiectasis
Is spiral CT scan used to diagnose - CORRECT ANSWER Pulmonary embolus
Mucoid - CORRECT ANSWER White gray
chronic bronchitis
Yellow - CORRECT ANSWER Presence of white blood cells bacterial infection
Green - CORRECT ANSWER Stagnant sputum gram-negative bacteria
bronchiecstasis pseudomonas
Dark brown - CORRECT ANSWER Old blood
Anaerobic lung infection does not need oxygen
Bright red - CORRECT ANSWER Hemoptysis
Bleeding tumor tuberculosis
What is the most reliable indicator of pulmonary maturity even with diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER PG
A decrease in pet CO2 would indicate - CORRECT ANSWER A increase in ventilation
Or decreased perfusion dead space disease pulmonary embolism
If you have a positive test what color should the CO2 detection device change to - CORRECT ANSWER Yellow
Purple is poor
Troubleshooting
Loss of pressure
What would you suspect - CORRECT ANSWER Leak or insufficient flow
Troubleshooting
Excessive pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Obstruction
Or
Excessive flow
Troubleshooting
Fail to cycle into inspiration - CORRECT ANSWER Adjust sensitivity
Tight seal around mouthpiece
Troubleshooting
Fail to cycle off - CORRECT ANSWER Leak
Fenestrated trach tube open
Troubleshooting
Pressure does not rise normally
Needle reads low or negative - CORRECT ANSWER Insufficient flow
Interpretation of
A-aDO2
25-65 - CORRECT ANSWER Normal value
A-aDO2
66-300 - CORRECT ANSWER V/Q mismatch
Patient needs oxygen give up to 60%
A-aDO2
>300 - CORRECT ANSWER Shunting
The patient will not respond the oxygen because oxygen is shunting away.
So we need to put them on CPAP if on vent use peep
PaO2/Fio2
380 or greater - CORRECT ANSWER Normal value
PaO2/Fio2
<200 - CORRECT ANSWER Acute lung injury
V/ Q mismatch give oxygen up to 60%
PaO2/Fio2
<200 - CORRECT ANSWER ARDS
SHUNT
use CPAP
Factors that control blood pressure
What can you use to increase the heart rate and strength which will ultimately increase blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Digitalis
Digoxin
Factors that Control blood pressure
What can you use to decrease the heart rate and strength to decrease blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Beta blockers to slow the heart down
Factors that control blood pressure
What can you use two cause vessel constriction to increase blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Give epinephrine to constrict the vessels
Factors that control blood pressure
What can you use two cause vessel dilation to decrease blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER You can give the patient nitro nitric or nitrous to vasodilate
What should the pulmonary artery pressure be? - CORRECT ANSWER 25/8
14
What should the pulmonary wedge pressure be? - CORRECT ANSWER 4-12
Or
8
What should the central venous pressure be? - CORRECT ANSWER 2-6
Or
4
What should the mean arterial pressure be? - CORRECT ANSWER 120/80
Or 93,94
When would you notice pressure dampening - CORRECT ANSWER You would notice this when the monitor does not show the normal dicrotic notch which means the catheter is somehow obstructed
What can cause pressure dampening? - CORRECT ANSWER A blood clot or a bubble in the catheter
What three things can you do if there was a blood clot or a bubble in the pulmonary artery catheter - CORRECT ANSWER Aspirate
Flush the catheter with normal saline
Finally rotate the catheter
What are for immediate (24 hours) complications of a tracheostomy - CORRECT ANSWER Bleeding
Pneumothorax
Air embolism
Subcutaneous emphysema
What are four late complications(24-48) of a tracheostomy - CORRECT ANSWER Hemorrhage
Obstruction
TE fistula
Infection
When should you keep the cough inflated - CORRECT ANSWER If a patient is eating
Or
When the patient is on positive pressure ventilation
If you are using a fenestrated tube and decide to plug the tube you should do what three things - CORRECT ANSWER 1 deflate the cough
2 remove the inner cannula
3 plug the tracheostomy tube
What are three indications for bronchial hygiene therapy - CORRECT ANSWER 1) accumulated or retained secretions
2) ineffective cough
3) ciliary dysfunction
Name 8 types of patients that should receive bronchial hygiene therapy - CORRECT ANSWER 1)Bronchiectasis
2) lung abscess
3) acute atelectasis
4) cystic fibrosis
5) COPD
6) pneumonia
7) postoperative
8) prolonged bed rest
When dealing with body positions which position is the best for hypoxic patients - CORRECT ANSWER Fowler
Semi-fowler
Reverse Trendelenburg
When dealing with body positions what 3 positions are best for obese patients - CORRECT ANSWER Fowler
Semi-fowler
Reverse Trendelenburg
When dealing with body positions what 3 positions are best for pulmonary Edema - CORRECT ANSWER Fowler
Semi-fowler
Reverse Trendelenburg
What is the best body position for patients with very low blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER Transdelenburg
What is the best body position to prevent aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral flat
If a patient aspirates during postural drainage what should be done - CORRECT ANSWER First suction
Placing opposite position for postural drainage
What is the formula to determine catheter size - CORRECT ANSWER (1D size /2)*3
What would be the recommended size for patient with an 8.0 endotracheal tube
12
What are the goals of aerosol therapy - CORRECT ANSWER Relieve bronchospasm in mucosal edema
Provide humidity to the respiratory tract
Deliver medications
Two thin secretions that are thick and tenacious
Which device is the least effective when humidifying an artificial airway unless heated - CORRECT ANSWER Passover or blow by humidifier
Which type of humidifier device delivers 100% body humidity - CORRECT ANSWER Wick humidifiers
When using a blender with a large volume nebulizer you should set the blender at what FI O2 - CORRECT ANSWER You should set the blender at the desired fio2
When using a blender how should you set the air entrainment port A large volume nebulizer - CORRECT ANSWER You should set it at 100%(closed) because you do not want to entrain room air
When would you use a SPAG device - CORRECT ANSWER Is used to treat RSV and a delivers the medication ribavirin to treat RSV not to be used with any other substances
When do we want to use ultrasonic nebulizers - CORRECT ANSWER For patients with thick and tenacious secretions
When using ultrasonic nebulizers how do we go about increasing the mist. Would we increase the amplitude or the frequency - CORRECT ANSWER Increase the amplitude
In what sequence would you give the patient with asthma their medications - CORRECT ANSWER Adrenergics
Anticholinergics
Steroid
How would you position the patient with ARDS - CORRECT ANSWER Prone
How would you position a patient with CHF - CORRECT ANSWER Fowler
How would you position a patient who was obese - CORRECT ANSWER Lateral fowlers
How would you position a patient with unilateral lung disease - CORRECT ANSWER Good Lung down
If a patient has a pre-op inspiratory capacity of 2600 ML's what should their postop goal be when using an incentives spirometer - CORRECT ANSWER 1300 ML's
If I increase the pressure what will happen to the volume - CORRECT ANSWER Volume will increase
If I decrease the flow what will happen to the volume - CORRECT ANSWER The volume will increase because I am increasing the inspiratory time
If I increase the flow what will happen with the volume - CORRECT ANSWER It will decrease the volume because I am decreasing the inspiratory time
What will happen to the expiratory time if I increase the rate - CORRECT ANSWER It will decrease the expiratory time
If I have decreased compliance what happens to the volume - CORRECT ANSWER You will have a decreased volume
If a patient has increased compliance what will happen to the volume - CORRECT ANSWER You will have a increasing volume
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea will find relief with EPAP pressures of what - CORRECT ANSWER 5-10 cm of water
Patients on EPAP to treat hypoxemia should be starting WITH what pressures - CORRECT ANSWER 6-8 cm of water
What can you measure with a newborn capillary sample - CORRECT ANSWER PH, CO2
What should you not measure with a newborn capillary sample - CORRECT ANSWER Do not measure PO2 instead use the umbilical arterial line
What are the advantages of using an umbilical arterial catheter line - CORRECT ANSWER Constant monitoring of blood pressure
Arterial samples for ABG
And blood replacement therapy
What will happen to the displayed blood pressure if the transducer is above the catheter - CORRECT ANSWER The display pressure will be lower
What will happen to the display blood pressure if the transducer is below the catheter - CORRECT ANSWER The display pressure will be higher
Where should the transducer be for an accurate measurement - CORRECT ANSWER It should be level with the catheter
If the patient has their AA gradient performed and received a score of 300 what would this I tell you how would you fix it - CORRECT ANSWER First it would tell me that the patient is shunting.
It also tells me that the patient is not responding to oxygen because the oxygen is something away.
We need to put this patient on CPAP or Pete to open of your life into PDF of your life from collapsing
If a patient has their AA gradient performed and received a score of 66 - 300 what would that tell you - CORRECT ANSWER It would tell me that the patient has v/q mismatch.
This also means the patient needs oxygen give the patient oxygen up to 60%
What formula would you use to measure exhaled title volume - CORRECT ANSWER Minute ventilation / respirations
Formula for alveolar minute ventilation - CORRECT ANSWER (Vt-Vd)*RR
Formula to calculate in anatomic dead space - CORRECT ANSWER Approximately 1 mL per pound of ideal body weight
150 pounds equals 150 mL of Vd
Formula for physiologic dead space - CORRECT ANSWER Paco2-Peco2/Paco2
What is the formula for dynamic compliance - CORRECT ANSWER Exhaled volume/PIP-PEEP [Show Less]